Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ensuring Informed and Empowered Participation in Markets for the Small Producers All producers participate in markets in some manner. Smallholders in traditional, developing economies are weak participants in markets. This participation is characterized by •High transactions costs •High price risks •Monopolistic/oligopolistic conditions •Significant risks of realizing payments Participation can be improved if small holders have access to: •Information to product demand, seasonality, product features •Reliable and affordable credit for financing stocks and working capital •Logistics of weighment, grading,storage and transport •Assurances for covering their survival costs to be able to take risks of new crops/markets Attributes which influence the demands on the quality of the above access are: •Diversity in product type •Homogeniety in the product •Need for identity preservation •Need for traceability •Determinants of price discovery •Fragmentation •Transaction velocity •Non-value adding transactions costs Improvement of market access and hence of participation quality will require information on: •Locating markets •Identifying market intermediaries and players •Current market institutions and its practices and procedures •Availability of safeguards from monopolists •Evolving ways of reducing and managing transactions costs •Price discovery •Demand trends Strengthening and fine tuning of production base of small holders will involve: •Identifying the right technology •Localizing and adapting the technology to small holder needs and resource conditions •Evolving package of practices appropriate to small holders •Scaling down the technology in sizes appropriate to small holders •Hand holding in initial stages of production and post-harvest practices What do the existing players do? A. Market Linkage field Attribhute Corporate NGO Co-ops Producer groups Individual service providers Primary motivation Market share, profits livelihoods Improving producer share in value Individual gain through collective efforts Own livelihoods Market links Some times weak Strong links yes No price discovery yes no yes no No Logistics yes partially SOS SOS No Diversity and homogeneity management seldom no no no Yes Identity preservation yes no no Need does not arise Yes Remarks What do existing players do? B: About improving production and post harvest Attribute corporate ngo Co-ops Producer groups Individual service providers Agronomy extension yes Yes uncommon informally yes Adaptive R&D no Some times no yes Seldom Training rarely Yes Some times no Yes, of a practical type Problem solving no No no yes Yes Sourcing technology and materials Yes, but at a large scale Yes no yes Yes Credit no Yes yes no No Aggregation yes Yes yes yes No Risk absorption and mitigation rarely Yes yes no No Remarks The most hurtful gaps: •Production and post harvest side: •Adaptive R&D •Problem solving during production •Sourcing technology of the right scale and cost •Risk mitigation Market side: •Generating value using heterogeneity, diversity, preserved identity and traceability •Costless price discovery •Quality preserving logistics