Download DNA - Learning on the Loop

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Transcript 
Genetics
DNA and Chromosomes
DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
– Double Helix Shape
– (Twisted Ladder)
• Genetic code –
– Instruction manual
Nucleotides
• DNA is a repeating sequence of
nucleotides
• Nucleotides contain
• Phosphate
• Sugar
• Base
DNA Structure
Base Pairs
• Adenine – Thymine
• Guanine – Cytosine
DNA and Chromosomes
• DNA is wound into
tight coils which form
chromosomes.
• Genes - sections of
chromosomes that
code for a
characteristic or
protein.
Chromosomes
• Humans have 46 different
chromosomes.
• 23 homologous pairs
Inheritance of Chromosomes
•23 homologous pairs
•23 from Mum and 23
from Dad.
Including
•2 sex chromosomes
XX – female
XY - male
Genes and Alleles
• Genes - Sections of
Chromosomes that
code for a particular
protein or
characteristic are eg.
Eye colour.
Alleles
• Alleles – Different versions of genes
eg. Blue eyes, brown eyes.
• Humans have 2 alleles of each gene as
we have 2 copies of each chromosome.
More to come
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