Download POWERPOINT JEOPARDY

Meiosis vs.
Mitosis
Mistakes in
Pedigrees
Meiosis
Punnetts
Meiosis
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Question 1 - 10
Cells that
undergo mitosis
end with how
many sets of
chromosomes
and what are
they called?
Answer 1 – 10
2; diploid(2n)
Cells that undergo mitosis
go through one division
and end with 2 sets of
chromosomes (2n)
Question 1 - 20
Which process is shown in this
picture and what is the word for
the final number of chromosome
sets in this process?
Answer 1 – 20
Meiosis; Haploid
This picture shows the process of meiosis. In the
first step there are two sets of chromosomes
that are replicated (S phase of interphase) and
then divided twice, resulting in a singular set
(haploid) of chromosomes in each gamete.
Question 1 - 30
Which of the following would
be found in a gamete?
B
A
C
Answer 1 – 30
A
Twenty-three unreplicated chromosomes would
be found in a human gamete.
Question 1 - 40
No matter which process,
mitosis or meiosis, the
hierarchy of genetics
remains the same.
Use the letters to order the
following from largest to
smallest.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Chromosome
Deoxyribose
Gene
Genome
Nucleotide
Answer 1 – 40
D, A, C, E, B
Genome>Chromosomes>Genes>Nucleotides>Deoxyribose
The GENOME includes all the DNA of an organism. It is
divided up into separate collections of DNA called
CHROMOSOMES. Chromosomes are made of smaller
segments that code for a protein called GENES.
Genes are made of sequences of NUCLEOTIDES. DNA
Nucleotides are made of 3 parts; a nitrogenous base,
a phosphate group, and DEOXYRIBOSE sugar.
Question 1 - 50
Describe the three
processes that occur in
Meiosis but NOT in
mitosis?
Answer 1 – 50
Crossing over- genetic material is traded during
Prophase I
Two chromosomal divisions instead of one
Homologous chromosomes separate
(anaphase I) AND sister chromatids
separate (anaphase II)
Question 2 - 10
A heterozygous organism is
crossed with another
heterozygous organism.
What percent of their
offspring is homozygous?
Answer 2 – 10
50 percent
Remember, both BB and bb
are homozygous
Question 2 - 20
A heterozygous blue flower
is crossed with a yellow
flower. Assuming complete
dominance, what percent
of offspring will be blue?
Answer 2 – 20
50 percent
Heterozygous blue = Bb
Yellow must be = bb because
complete dominance means the
heterozygote shows the
dominant phenotype.
Question 2 - 30
Complete the following
probability calculation:
Mother: AaBbCc
Father: aaBBCc
Desired offspring:AaBbCc
Answer 2 – 30
1 out of 8 offspring or 12.5%
You can take the long route and do a Punnett
square for each character or you can use the
arrow method. Either way you need to
multiply the chance of the desired trait from
each character.
2/4 * 2/4 * 2/4 = 8/64 = 1/8 = 12.5%
Question 2 - 40
Matthew has homozygous blood
type A (IAIA). Kayli has blood type
B
B (I ?) and her mother was blood
type O (ii). What are the possible
genotypes and phenotypes of
Matt and Kayli’s offspring’s
blood?
Answer 2 – 40
IAIB (50%) IAi (50%)
Matt’s genotype is IAIA.
Kayli’s is IBi.
We know this because if she has type B blood
and her mother has type O. Her mother can
only donate the (i) allele. She must have
received the IB from her father.
Using a standard Punnett square, we find that
IAIB and IAi are the only two possible
genotypes of their offspring.
Question 2 - 50
Hemophilia is a sex-linked (xlinked) disorder. If Mary is a
carrier of the trait and George
is unaffected, what are the
phenotypic probabilities of
their offspring?
Answer 2 – 50
XHXH- Normal female (25%)
XHXh- Carrier female (25%)
XHY- Normal male (25%)
XhY- Hemophilic male (25%)
George is an unaffected male so he is XHY.
Mary is a carrier, she is XHXh
Use a Punnett square to determine the probabilities!
Question 3 - 10
In what phase of meiosis does
crossing over occur?
Answer 3 – 10
Prophase I of meiosis
Question 3 - 20
How do
homologous
chromosomes
(ex. chromosome 1 from mom,
chromosomes 1 from dad)
differ?
Answer 3 – 20
They differ at the A-T-C-G sequence of
nucleotides for a given gene.
In other words, their characters are the same
but their traits vary.
Question 3 - 30
Which two of Mendel’s laws
explain how genetic variation is
achieved during meiosis?
Answer 3 – 30
Law of Independent Assortment- homologous
pairs randomly pair up during Metaphase I
Law of Segregation – alleles get separated
during Anaphase I & II
Question 3 - 40
What are the advantages and
disadvantages of asexual and
sexual reproduction in terms
of time and genetic variation?
Answer 3 – 40
Asexual- quick reproduction (+)
no variation unless mutation occurs (-)
Sexual- slow reproduction (-)
Great generational variation (+)
Question 3 - 50
Put these steps of meiosis in the
order of occurrence:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Chromosomes replicate
Crossing over occurs
Four genetically different cells are made
Homologous chromosomes pair up
(synapsis into tetrads)
Sister chromatids separate
Answer 3 – 50
A, D, B, E, C
DNA is replicated during ‘S’ phase of interphase.
Homologous chromosomes synapse, forming
tetrads and chiasmata where crossing over
occurs. Homologous chromosomes line up
randomly during metaphase and separate.
During the next anaphase (II) sister
chromatids separate. The end result is 4
haploid cells that are genetically unique.
Question 4 - 10
What chromosomal alteration is
shown below?
Answer 4 – 10
Inversion
The DEF gene sequence is reversed.
Question 4 - 20
What type of chromosomal
alteration is shown below?
Answer 4 – 20
Translocation.
A segment from one chromosome has been
moved to a non-homologous chromosome.
Question 4 - 30
The following chromosome is found in a
gamete. Which of the gene segments
will be inherited by the receiving
offspring?
Answer 4 – 30
All of them.
These genes are on the same chromosome and
that chromosome is already in a gamete.
There is no further divisions after gametes are
formed.
All of these genes would be considered linked
since they will be inherited together.
Question 4 - 40
Describe the individual based on
the given karyotype.
Answer 4 – 40
It’s a male (XY) affected with Down Syndrome
(Trisomy 21, three of chromosome 21)
Question 4 - 50
Sickle Cell Anemia is the result of a single
nucleotide mutation which changes the amino
acid sequence and therefore the protein for
which the gene codes.
One copy gives an individual sickle cell trait,
while two gives you sickle cell disease. This
affects men and women equally.
What is the pattern of inheritance?
Answer 4 – 50
Autosomal Recessive
Autosomal because it affects men and women
equally. If it were x-linked it would affect men
predominantly.
Recessive because it requires two copies of the
mutated allele to have the disease.
Question 5 - 10
What is the pattern of inheritance for
this pedigree, recessive or
dominant?
Answer 5 – 10
Recessive, it skips a generation(s) and two
unaffected parents have affected children.
Question 5 - 20
What is the pattern of inheritance?
Answer 5 – 20
Dominant.
Explained further on 5-30.
Question 5 - 30
What are the genotypes of the two
parents?
Answer 5 – 30
Aa, Aa
The pattern of inheritance cannot be recessive (aa)
because both children would also have to be
recessive. So we know the shaded shapes must have
at least 1 dominant allele (A). Since the parents have
one affect child (A?) and one unaffected (aa) both
parents must be heterozygotes. It is the only way the
female child could receive 2 recessive alleles…one
from mom, one from dad.
Question 5 - 40
What is the probability of the
offspring being affected?
Answer 5 – 40
3 out of 4; 75%
Using the justification in 5-30 we know that the
parents must be heterozygous (Aa)
Using a monohybrid cross we can determine
that 3 out of 4 possibilities would be affected.
Question 5 - 50
Create a pedigree that accurately
shows recessive inheritance.
Include two children in the
second generation, one male,
one female. Include one
granddaughter that is not
affected. Label genotypes.
Answer 5 – 50
Final Jeopardy
• Make your wager!