Download Chapter 4: Modern Genetics

Chapter 4: Modern Genetics
Review
An example of a
trait that has
multiple alleles.
blood types
If a person has the
combination of alleles O
and B what would their
blood type be?
B blood type
Skin color and height
are traits that show a
large number of
different phenotypes
because they are
controlled by
_________.
many genes
(polygenic inheritance)
The effects of genes
are often changed by an
organism’s
____________.
environment
The body cells contain
_____ chromosomes.
46
The sex cells contain
___ chromosomes.
23
The two sex
chromosomes
carried by a male are
_____.
XY
The two sex
chromosomes carried
by a female are ____.
XX
Genes carried on the X
or Y chromosomes are
called _________.
sex-linked genes
An example of a
condition that is sexlinked is ______.
Hemophilia or
color-blindness
Sex-linked traits
occur more often in
______, because
they carry only one
X chromosome.
males
A chart that tracks
which members of a
family have a
particular trait is
called a ________.
pedigree
In a pedigree chart a
square is a symbol for
a _____.
male
A half-shaded
circle on a
pedigree chart
would indicate a
_________.
carrier female
An abnormal
condition that a
person inherits
through genes or
chromosomes is a
__________.
genetic disorder
A genetic disorder
in which a person’s
blood clots very
slowly or not at all is
called ______.
hemophilia
People with an extra
copy of chromosome
21 have a disorder
called _________.
Down syndrome
A person who has
difficulty
distinguishing
between the colors
red and green has
the sex-linked trait
called ________.
colorblindness
A picture of all the
chromosomes in a
cell is called a
_________.
karyotype
Professionals who help
couples understand
their chances of having
a child with a
particular disorder are
called _________
genetic counselors
A procedure in which
fluid from a
developing baby is
removed to test for
genetic disorders is
called ________.
amniocentesis
A genetic disorder in
which the body
produces abnormally
thick mucus is called
__________.
cystic fibrosis
In _______,
breeders cross two
genetically different
individuals.
hybridization
A _____ is an
organism that is
genetically identical
to the organism from
which it was
produced.
clone
Inserting working
copies of a gene
directly into cells of
a person with a
genetic disorder is
referred to as
_______.
gene therapy
The process of
selecting a few
organisms with desired
traits to serve as
parents of the next
generation is called
_________.
selective breeding
The transfer of
genes from one
organism to another
is called ________.
genetic engineering
The crossing of two
individuals that have
identical or similar
sets of alleles is
called _______.
inbreeding