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11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Genetics and Probability Genetics and Probability The likelihood that a particular event will occur is called probability. Let’s consider a coin toss. Slide 2 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares PROBABILITY CAN BE USED TO PREDICT THE OUTCOMES OF GENETIC CROSSES. Slide 3 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Punnett Squares Punnett Squares Offspring can be determined by a Punnett square. Slide 4 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Punnett Squares A capital letter represents the dominant allele for tall. A lowercase letter represents the recessive allele for short. In this example, T = tall t = short Slide 5 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Punnett Squares Gametes produced by each F1 parent are shown along the top and left side. Slide 6 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Punnett Squares Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be homozygous (TT or tt). Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait are heterozygous (Tt). Homozygous organisms are true-breeding for a particular trait. Heterozygous organisms are hybrid for a particular trait. Slide 7 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Punnett Squares All of the tall plants have the same Phenotype, or Physical characteristics. The tall plants do not have the same Genotype, or Genetic makeup. Slide 8 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares The genotype of one third of the tall plants is TT, While the genotype of two thirds of the tall plants is Tt. Slide 9 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares Punnett Squares These plants have different genotypes (TT and Tt), but they have the same phenotype (tall). TT Homozygous Tt Heterozygous Slide 10 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 11-2 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 11 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 11-2 Two F1 plants that are homozygous for shortness are crossed. What percentage of the offspring will be tall? a. 100% b. 50% c. 0% d. 25% Slide 12 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 11-2 The Punnett square allows you to predict a. only the phenotypes of the offspring from a cross. b. only the genotypes of the offspring from a cross. c. both the genotypes and the phenotypes from a cross. d. neither the genotypes nor the phenotypes from a cross. Slide 13 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION