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Presentation on genome editing
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6121/768.full
1.Crispr- associated nucleases
2.Homing endonucleases
3.Zinc-finger nucleases
4.Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)
5.Triple-helix–forming oligonucleotides conjugated to restriction
endonucleases
6.CRE/LOX system
Cytoplasmic regulation
• lifetime
• localization
• initiation
Post-transcriptional regulation
Nearly ½ of human genome is transcribed, only 1% is
CDS
• 98% of RNA made is non-coding
• ~1/3 intron
• ~2/3 “independently transcribed”
• Polymerases II & III (+ IV & V in plants) all help
• many are from transposons or gene fragments
made by transposons (pack-MULES)
• ~ 10-25% is anti-sense: same region is transcribed
off both strands
Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
1. Overlapping genes
Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
1. Overlapping genes
2. Non-coding RNAs
Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
1. Overlapping genes
2. Non-coding RNAs
3. cDNA pairs
Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
1. Overlapping genes
2. Non-coding RNAs
3. cDNA pairs
4. MPSS
Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
1. Overlapping genes
2. Non-coding RNAs
3. cDNA pairs
4. MPSS
5. TARs
Thousands of antisense transcripts in plants
Hypotheses
1. Accident: transcription unveils “cryptic promoters” on
opposite strand (Zilberman et al)
Hypotheses
1. Accident: transcription unveils “cryptic promoters” on
opposite strand (Zilberman et al)
2. Functional
a. siRNA
b. miRNA
c. Silencing
Hypotheses
1. Accident: transcription unveils “cryptic promoters” on
opposite strand (Zilberman et al)
2. Functional
a. siRNA
b. miRNA
c. Silencing
d. Priming: chromatin remodeling requires
transcription!