Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 10.1: Mendel
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Chapter 10.1: Mendel Gregor Mendel • Father of genetics • Studied heredity • Passing on of traits from parent to offspring Gregor Mendel cont… • Genetics—the study of heredity Gregor Mendel cont… • Traits—characteristics that are inherited • Ex: Height, Hair color, breast cancer Gregor Mendel cont… • • • • Mendel studied pea plants Reproduce sexually Have two sex cells (gametes) One male, one female Garden peas cont… • Both sex cells in same flower • Male sex cell = pollen • Female sex cell = ovule Garden Peas Cont… • Pollination—how plants reproduce • Transfer pollen to ovule • Fertilization—combining the male and female sex cells • Result = seed (baby plant) Garden Peas Cont… • Plants usually self-pollinate • Male and female gametes of same flower combine • Mendel used cross pollination • Male of one flower combines with female of another flower Punnett Squares • Hybrid—a child whose parents had different traits • Ex: Dad is tall and mom is short • Kid is hybrid for height Monohybrid Cross • Punnett square for one trait • Ex: Tt x Tt • Results = 3:1 ratio Monohybrid Cross cont… • Traits are found on genes which make up chromosomes • Alleles—different genes • Ex: T or t (T = tall, t = short) Rule of Dominance • All humans have both dominant and recessive alleles • Dominant—trait that shows up • Ex: T = tall or B = brown hair • Recessive—trait that is normally hidden • Ex: t = short or b = blonde hair Rule of Dominance cont. • Only time you see a recessive trait is when both parents give you the recessive • Ex: tt = short or bb = blonde hair Law of Segregation • Parents don’t control what genes they give their kids Vocabulary • Phenotype—in words, what your traits are • Ex: Tall, short, has breast cancer Vocab cont… • Genotype—in letters, what your traits are • Ex: TT, Tt, tt Vocab cont… • Homozygous—2 alleles for a trait are the same • Could be dominant = TT • Could be recessive = tt Vocab cont… • Heterozygous—2 alleles for a trait are different • Only dominant = Tt Law of Independent Assortment • All traits are inherited separately • Ex: All blonde hairs don’t have blue eyes Probability • The likelihood of something happening • Ex: Chances of having a boy vs. a girl = 50%
Related documents