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Bozeman VIDEO LESSON
INTRODUCTION- [0:00-2:04]
1-IDENTIFY: What did Mendel work with?
-pea plants
2-EXPLAIN why pea plants are good organisms for studying
genetics.
-# characteristics
-many offspring from 1 pod
PUNNETT SQUARES- [2:04-5:21]
3-IDENTIFY: What is the P cross?
-parents [pure “true” traits]
4-IDENTIFY: What is the F1 cross?
-1st filial [1st generation offspring]
5-DESCRIBE the incorrect idea of ‘blending”.
-traits blend @ all times / NOT true
6-DEFINE hybrid-different alleles
-Tt [dominant & recessive allele]
PUNNETT SQUARES- [2:04-5:21]
7- EXPLAIN the purpose of Punnett Squares [2]
-predict outcomes - % offspring for the trait
-track genotypes / phenotypes
8-DRAW the set-up for a Punnett Square.
[where does the male / female info go?]
FEMALE
MALE
MENDEL’s LAWS- [5:21- 7:38]
9-DEFINE: Law of SEGREGATION
-alleles separate during MEIOSIS
10-PROVIDE an example
-offspring gets Y or y from parent with Yy
11-DEFINE: Law of INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
-alleles sort independently during MEIOSIS
12-PROVIDE an example
-2 traits are NOT attached –
yellow/round / yellow wrinkled / green round / green wrinkled
PROBABILITY
Method developed by Dr. Reginald Punnett in the early 1900s
-used to predict possible genetic combination of alleles.
-allele combinations inherited are like the probability of
flipping coins- it is an estimated outcome
DEFINE probability:
-likleyhood of event occurring
-chance of something happening
SAMPLE PROBLEMS [8:04-13:01]
PROBLEM #2
Different alleles
13-DEFINE: heterozygous _________________________
Rr / Yy
PROVIDE an example- ______
Same alleles
14-DEFINE: homozygous _________________________
RR / rr / YY / yy
PROVIDE an example- ______
15-DEFINE: allele specific trait / form of gene
SAMPLE PROBLEMS [8:04-13:01]
PROBLEM #3
16-EXPLAIN how geneotype and phenotype differ.
-genes - shown in allele pair
-trait - physical appearance
Yy YY
17-PROVIDE an example of genotype __________
and
YELLOW
phenotype_______________
from the given problem.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS [8:04-13:01]
PROBLEM
#4- What is the probability of Rr x Rr producing wrinkled seeds?
18-DETERMINE how many offspring will be:
3
1
ROUND _____
wrinkled _____
19-IDENTIFY the possible GENOTYPE(s) of the round
RR
Rr
offspring? ______
______
RR
RR
Rr
Rr
rr
SAMPLE PROBLEMS [8:04-13:01]
PROBLEM #5
-What is the probability of Yy x yy producing green seeds?
2:2 1:1 50%
20-IDENTIFY the PHENOTYPE of the
yellow
Yy seed ______________
green
yy seed ______________
RR
Yy
Yy
yy
yy
SAMPLE PROBLEMS [8:04-13:01]
PROBLEM #6 – DIHYBRID practice problem.
21- EXPLAIN a simple way you can figure out a cross with 2 given traits.
-2 simples crosses
-law of multiplication
RR
RR
RR
Rr
Yy
Yy
Rr
rr
yy
yy
DISEASE [13:01-16:04]
23PROVIDE an example of genotype for a DOMINANT trait
HH
Hh
______
or ______
24PROVIDE an example of a genotype for a RECESSIVE trait
hh
______
PROBABILITY/COIN TOSS
DEMONSTRATE the probability of inheritance of genes by
flipping coins.
-probability of a coin landing on heads when flipped once is
½ = 50%
-probability of 2 coins landing on heads when flipped once is\
½ x ½ = ¼ 25%
PREDICT the probability of tossing 2 coins at the same time
1/4 -having them both land on heads (HH)
_____
2/4 -having then both land on tails (TT)
_____
1/4 -have 1 land on heads and 1 land on tails (HT)
_____
PROBABILITY: COIN TOSS
Take 2 pennies and toss them at the same time for 100 trials.
BOTH heads (HH)
TOTAL __________
1HEAD/1TAIL (HT)
BOTH tails (TT)
__________
__________
IDENTIFY the RATIO of your results for 100 tosses1
2
1
_____:_____:_____
HH HT
TT
EXPLAIN how is probability used in the study of genetics?
-used to determine the possibilities of offspring having a certain trait.