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Table of Contents – March 8th Genetics Day 3
Notes – March 8th Genetics Day 3
What genotype determines a specific phenotype?
Common Mistakes
 Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case letters
Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case
(cannot be 2 different letter, just different “cases”

Common Mistakes

Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case
letters
Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case
(cannot be 2 different letter, just different “cases”

HW Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
We get our genes from our parents
Different versions of the same trait or gene
Using capital and lowercase letters.
Genotype = combination of alleles in our genes. TT
Phenotype = physical characteristic, brown eyes
Genotype is in your genes and represented by letters
like PP, phenotype is what someone looks like, blonde
hair.
Capital
Lowercase
A. Bb = Brown Eyes
B. bb = blue eyes
10. ff
11A. Big ears
13A. tt
B. Big ears
B. Long tail
14. TT
Hh
BB
15. hh
rr
dd
Bb
Twins
Fraternal Twins –
develop from 2 different
eggs that have been
fertilized by 2
separate sperm cells
 Different genotypes
and phenotypes
 Look as different as
siblings who were
born at different
times.


Identical Twins –
develop from one
fertilized egg that
splits into 2 identical
embryos
 Look exactly alike
 Have the same
chromosomes /
DNA but not
necessarily the
same phenotypes
In palm trees, the allele for dark green
leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for
light green leaves (d) is recessive. If a
palm tree has light green leaves, what
GENOTYPE must it have?
dd
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants
(T) is dominant. The allele for short
plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant
has the genotype tt, what would be the
plant’s height PHENOTYPE?
Short
Practice / Review
Work on your own to complete the worksheet –
both sides (15 min)
A. Phenotype > what you can see, blue eyes
 B. Genotype > combination of alleles in
genes, bb

2. Describe the genotypes given (use your notes).
The first two are already done.
 A. DD homozygous, dominant
 B. Dd _heterozygous dominant
 C. dd - homozygous recessive
 D. ss – homozygous recessive
 E. Yy – heterozygous dominant
 F. WW - homozygous, dominant
3. In humans, brown eye color (B), is dominant over
blue eye color (b). What are the phenotypes of
the following genotypes? In other words, what
color eyes will they have?
 A. BB > Brown Eyes
 B. bb >Blue Eyes
 C. Bb> Brown eyes
In palm trees, the allele for dark green
leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for
light green leaves (d) is recessive. If a
palm tree has light green leaves, what
GENOTYPE must it have?
dd
REVIEW
In giraffes, the allele for brown spots (S)
is dominant. The allele for black spots
(s) is recessive. If a giraffe has black
spots, what GENOTYPE must it have?
ss
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In butterflies, the allele for long antennae
(A) is dominant. The allele for short
antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly
has long antennae, what GENOTYPE
must it have?
AA or Aa
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In butterflies, the allele for long antennae
(A) is dominant. The allele for short
antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly
has the genotype aa, what would be the
butterfly’s PHENOTYPE?
Short antennae
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In Labrador retrievers, the allele for
yellow fur (Y) is dominant. The allele
for black fur (y) is recessive. If a Lab
has the genotype Yy, what would be the
PHENOTYPE of the lab’s fur?
Yellow fur
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants
(T) is dominant. The allele for short
plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant
has the genotype tt, what would be the
plant’s height PHENOTYPE?
Short
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
INHERITED and
ACQUIRED traits – what’s
the difference? EXAMPLE?
Inherited traits are determined by your
genes (Example: height). Acquired traits
must be LEARNED (Example: math).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
Eye shape
 Intelligence
 Hair color
 Hair length
 Accent (the way
you speak)
 Attitude
 Smile
 Tattoos

• Broken leg
• Face shape
• Diseases like
HIV/AIDS or
cancer
• Disorders
like albinism
or colorblindness
• Hair texture
• Cheek size trade & grade
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
What is an ALLELE? What
do we use to represent
alleles?
Alleles are different versions of the same
gene/trait. We use CAPITAL and
lowercase letters to represent them!
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
GENOTYPES and
PHENOTYPES – What’s
the difference?
EXAMPLES?
Genotypes are combinations of your
alleles (Example: Bb). Phenotypes are
your physical characteristics (Example:
blue eyes).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
DOMINANT and
RECESSIVE alleles –
What’s the difference?
EXAMPLES?
Dominant alleles always show up
(Example: B=brown eyes). Recessive
alleles only show up if there is NO
dominant allele (Example: b=blue eyes).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In apple trees, the allele for green apples
(G) is dominant. The allele for red
apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree
produces red apples, what GENOTYPE
must it have?
gg
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In apple trees, the allele for green apples
(G) is dominant. The allele for red
apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree
has the genotype GG, what would be
the PHENOTYPE of the apples
produced?
Green
Bug Creation Lab to Practice what you
have learned so far
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR
BUGS
a. White
paper = Mom Traits
b. Blue paper = Dad Traits
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR
BUGS
3.
Trait
Record your pieces of paper in the first two columns on your
.
Mom
data
table
Dad
(Blue
Paper)
Offspring
_____
_____
_____ , ____
Body
Segment #
(T/t)
_____
_____
_____ , ____
Antennae
Length
(Q/q)
_____
_____
_____ , ____
_____
_____
_____ , ____
_____
_____
_____ , ____
(White
Paper)
Wing #
(R/r)
Leg #
(H/h)
Spots or
Not Spots
(N/n)
Dominant
Or Recessive
Heterozygous
Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
4.
Combine the letters from both the mom and
the dad in the “Offspring” column.
Trait
Mom
(White
Paper)
Dad
(Blue
Paper)
Wing #
(R/r)
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
Body
Segment #
(T/t)
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
Antennae
Length
(Q/q)
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
Leg #
(H/h)
Spots or
Not Spots
(N/n)
Offspring
Dominant
Or Recessive
Heterozygous
Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
5. Decide is the offspring genotype is Dominant
or Recessive and Heterozygous or Homozygous
Trait
Mom
(White
Paper)
Dad
(Blue
Paper)
Offspring
Wing #
(R/r)
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
_____
_____
_____ ,
____
Body
Segmen
t # (T/t)
Antenn
ae
Length
(Q/q)
Leg #
(H/h)
Spots or
Not
Spots
(N/n)
Dominant
Or Recessive
Heterozygou
s
Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
Determine what your bug will look like using the
following key.
If your offspring has
these letters
It will look like this…
RR or Rr
4 wings (2 on each side)
rr
2 wings (1 on each side)
TT or Tt
2 segments
tt
3 segments
QQ or Qq
Long Antennae
qq
Short Antennae
HH or Hh
3 legs on each side
hh
4 legs on each side
NN or Nn
Spots
nn
No Spots
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
6. Using the key, write what your bug will look like in the last
column.
Trait
Mom
(White
Paper)
Dad
(Blue
Paper)
Offspring
Wing #
(R/r)
_____
_____
_____ , ____
Body
Segment #
(T/t)
_____
_____
_____ , ____
Antennae
Length
(Q/q)
_____
_____
_____ , ____
_____
_____
_____ , ____
_____
_____
_____ , ____
Leg #
(H/h)
Spots or
Not Spots
(N/n)
Dominant
Or Recessive
Heterozygous
Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
7.
Once your teacher approves what your
bug should look like, you can get
materials (paper and colors)
8.
You can be creative, but it must follow
the traits you said it would look like!
9.
Write a biography about your bug
1.
2.
3.
What is its name?
Where does it live? What does it eat?
What is it like?
DOES EVERYONE’S BUGS LOOK THE SAME?




Does everyone’s bugs look the same?
The variety of bugs has to do with the
different combinations that you pulled out of
the bags.
Not everyone pulled the same traits, so each
bug looks different.
Since we all have different parents, all of us
look different too!
BY THE END OF TODAY YOU SHOULD
BE ABLE TO ANSWER…
How
How
do humans inherit traits?
many chromosomes do
humans inherit from each of
their parents?