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BLOOD TYPING LAB Remember: Glycoproteins on the surface of cells help identify “self” The pattern of sugars that are attached is determined by a gene Allele choices are: A B _____ ____ ____ O BLOOD TYPES An A allele tells the cell to put “A” glycoproteins on its surface BLOOD TYPES An B allele tells the cell to put different “B” glycoproteins on its surface BLOOD TYPES An O allele tells the cell NOT to put anything (neither A nor B antigens) on the surface A and B are CO-DOMINANT A cell with BOTH an A and a B allele has BOTH “A” and “B” glycoproteins on its surface ANTIBODIES react to cells with glycoproteins seen as “NOT LIKE ME” This is how your immune system protects you against GERMS! Substances on the surface of cells that cause an immune reaction are called ANTIGENS __________________ Glycoproteins are ANTIGENS! ANTI-A SERUM Adding ANTI-A antibodies to cells with A glycoproteins on their surface causes them to clump together = ________________________ AGGLUTINATION ANTI-A SERUM Adding ANTI-A antibodies to cells with B glycoproteins on their surface causes NO REACTION BLOOD TYPES NO YES Will ANTI-A react? NO YES BLOOD TYPES NO NO Will ANTI-B react? YES YES ABO SYSTEM is NOT THE ONLY ONE + Rh Rh BLOOD TYPES YES Will ANTI-Rh react? NO You can determine the blood type of a cell by seeing which ANTI-SERA it reacts with Add 5 drops of patient’s blood to each well Add 3 drops ANTI-A serum to A well Add 3 drops of ANTI-B serum to B well Add 3 drops of ANTI-Rh to Rh well BLOOD TYPES & ALLELES GENOTYPE AA AO BB BO OO AB PHENOTYPE (BLOOD TYPE) A A B B O AB DONOR BLOOD A and AB see A as “like me” Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg B and O see A as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! DONOR BLOOD B and AB see B as “like me” Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg A and O see B as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! DONOR BLOOD O can donate to ____ EVERY BLOOD TYPE = UNIVERSAL DONOR _____________________ YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg Nothing on surface to recognize as “NOT SELF” DONOR BLOOD Only AB sees AB as “like me” Body images modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg A, B, and O see AB as Different! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! AB can only GIVE to AB BUT . . . ______ AB can RECEIVE FROM EVERY BLOOD TYPE = UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT Body image modified from: http://www.new-fitness.com/images/body_shapes.jpg BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCY IN USA A B AB O 40% 10% 4% 46% http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/BldTyping.html ABO SYSTEM is NOT THE ONLY ONE + Rh Rh OTHER BLOOD TYPES NO PROBLEMS ____________________ IF: Rh+ MOM is _____ Rh & BABY is _____ + Image modified from: http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif Rh+ MOM is _____ Rh& BABY is ____ Can be a ___________ IF: PROBLEM Mom is _____ Rh- Baby is _____ Rh+ 1st baby OK but few baby cells entering mom’s bloodstream put mom’s immune system on alert for + cells. Next + baby, mom’s immune system can attack baby as it is growing Mom given shot after 1st birth prevents this Image modified from: http://www.wsd1.org/lessonplans/images/Body.gif