Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Biological Differences Chromosomal Sex Gonadal/Hormonal Sex Genital Sex KEY CONCEPTS • Chromosomal Sex • • • • The Basics: 46 Chromosomes, Two Sex Chromosomes, X’s And Y’s Andosperm, Gynosperm, And “Predicting Sex” The Problematic X Chromosome Sex-Linked Traits • Gonadal Sex • The Indifferent Gonad • Gonadal Development • Mullerian Ducts--Ovaries and Wolffian Ducts—Testes • Hormonal Sex • The Adam Principle and the Eve Principle • Testosterone (and MIS) and Estrogen • Sex-Limited Characteristics Ovum Sperm Each contributes 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 Always an X An X or a Y X Chromosome Y Chromosome XX - Female XY - Male Ovum Sperm Y-Andosperm X-Gynosperm Each contributes 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 Always an X An X or a Y XX - Female XY - Male THE PROBLEMATIC X CHROMOSOME Pathological Sex-Linked Traits Hemophilia • Color Blindness • Muscular Dystrophy KEY CONCEPTS • Chromosomal Sex • • • • The Basics: 46 Chromosomes, Two Sex Chromosomes, X’s And Y’s Andosperm, Gynosperm, And “Predicting Sex” The Problematic X Chromosome Sex-Linked Traits • Gonadal Sex • The Indifferent Gonad • Gonadal Development • Mullerian Ducts--Ovaries and Wolffian Ducts—Testes • Hormonal Sex • The Adam Principle and the Eve Principle • Testosterone (and MIS) and Estrogen • Sex-Limited Characteristics INDIFFERENT GONAD Gonads Wolffian Duct Müllerian Duct Testosterone MIS Nothing Happens Adam Principle Eve Principle MALE GONAD FEMALE GONAD AGE 6 weeks 7-12 weeks SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Kind Of Sex MEN WOMEN Chromosomal XY XX Gonadal Undifferentiated Undifferentiated Gonadal Testes Ovaries Hormonal Estrogen, Testosterone, and Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Estrogen Genital Mullerian ducts degenerate (MIS). The Wolffian ducts differentiate into epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct. Wolffian ducts degenerate (automatically). The Mullerian ducts differentiate into fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina Genital Penis and descended testes Outer vagina and clitoris Glans (head of) penis Clitoris Urethral Fold becomes Shaft of the penis Labia minoria Urogenital Slit becomes Raphe (seam at base of penis) Vaginal orifice Scrotum Labia majora 12-17 weeks TIMETABLE BY GENDER Glans and Genital Tubercle become 12-20 weeks Labioscrotal Swelling becomes Concepts/Terms You Should Know Today Sex Gonadal Sex Chromosomal Sex Hormonal Sex Genital Sex Hermaphroditism Transsexualism Gender Identity Identity Salience Gender Roles Stereotype Androgyny Masculine v. Feminine Sexuality Sexual Roles Sexual Orientation Gender Statistical Significance Substantive Significance X/Y Chromosomes Andosperm Gynosperm Fertilization Timing Sex-Linked Traits Sex-Limited Traits Recessive X Hemophilia Color Blindness Indifferent Gonad Testosterone Estrogen Adam and Eve Principles Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) Wolffian Duct System Mullerian Duct System Genital Tubercle Genital Groove Labioscrotal Swelling