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Genetics I An Introduction Key Vocabulary: genetics Heredity Genetic traits vs. acquired characteristics (nature) vs. (nurture) (raw talent) (specific skills) Key VOCAB: Review homologs gene alleles Key VOCAB: (New) genotype phenotype heterozygous homozygous Law of Dominance dominant Recessive environment Some human examples read “=“ as “codes for” B= brown eyes D = dimples F = freckles M = migraines G = near-sighted b = blue eyes d = no dimples f = no freckles m = no migraines g = normal vision All BIO 151 Students have three possible genotypes w respect to eye color: BB Bb bb ║ ║ ║ Genotype Phenotype All BIO 151 Students have three possible genotypes w respect to eye color: Genotype Phenotype BB Bb ║ ║ ║ Homozygous Dominant bb All BIO 151 Students have three possible genotypes w respect to eye color: BB Bb ║ ║ ║ Genotype Homozygous Dominant Phenotype Brown eyes bb All BIO 151 Students have three possible genotypes w respect to eye color: BB Bb bb ║ ║ ║ Genotype Homozygous Dominant Heterozygous Phenotype Brown eyes Brown eyes All BIO 151 Students have three possible genotypes w respect to eye color: BB Bb bb ║ ║ ║ Genotype Homozygous Dominant Phenotype Brown eyes Heterozygous Homozygous recessive Brown eyes All BIO 151 Students have three possible genotypes w respect to eye color: BB Bb bb ║ ║ ║ Genotype Homozygous Dominant Phenotype Brown eyes Heterozygous Homozygous recessive Brown eyes Blue eyes Question: What does meiosis have to do with genetics?? Remember: Homologs (matching chromosomes) separate into different gametes……. Matching genes (alleles) separate into different gametes during meiosis! Problem: Find all possible gametes for individuals w the following genotypes: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) BB Bb BbFF BbMm FfDdmm MM How do you predict the genotypes of the offsprng of any two individuals?? (What do you do when it’s fourth down & 40?) Guide for Solving Genetic Problems: 1) Record genotypes of both parents 2) Record all possible gametes. (Don’t SKIP this step!!) 3) Construct a Punnet Box 4) ANSWER the question asked! Sample Punnet Box: Possible sperm: ↓ b B b Possible Ova Sample Punnet Box: Possible sperm: ↓ b B Bb b bb Possible Ova Possible Zygotes Practice Problem #1: Bill is heterozygous for eye color. Jeannie has blue eyes. What is the probability that their daughter has blue eyes? Practice Problem #2 Fred is homozygous dominant for eye color and heterozygous for dimples. Wilma has blue eyes and no dimples. What is the probability that Pebbles is both blue-eyed & dimpled. (Show all work) Practice Problem #3 Rachel is heterozygous for freckles and has blue eyes. Ross has no freckles and is heterozygous for eye color. What is the probability that their baby will be both blueeyed and freckled?
