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Biology: the Study of Life
What are the fundamental properties of life?
Unnumbered Figure page 2
are
Cellular
Structure (cell = unit of life)
Organisms
Life forms
are considered “alive”
because they
acquire are made
and
up of one
use
or more
Energy
Cells
process
Information
are
capable
of
Replication
are a
product
of
Evolution
Biology: the Study of Life
What are the fundamental properties of life?
Cellular Structure (cell = unit of life)
B Archaeon
A Bacterium
C Protist
E Fungus
F Animal
D Plant
Captions for previous slide:
A: a light micrograph of a magnetotactic bacterium
(http://ntserv.fys.ku.dk/mars/mpe/bacterium.JPG)
B: a scanning electron micrograph of an archaeon
(http://biology.kenyon.edu/Microbial_Biorealm/archaea/halobacterium/halobacteria_1.jpg)
C. a transmission electron micrograph of a protist
(http://www.bio.mtu.edu/the_wall/phycodisc/rhodophyta/gfx/porphyridium_unicell.jpg)
D. a light micrograph a primitive plant cell
(http://www.btinternet.com/~stephen.durr/chlamydomonas.jpg)
E. an x-ray tomograph of a fungal cell
(http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/assets/images/2004/Mar-30/yeast.jpg)
F. a computer-generated image of two animal cells
(http://www.infertilityny.com/images/home/ovum.jpg)
Biology: the Study of Life
What are the fundamental properties of life?
Cellular Structure (cell = unit of life)
Metabolism = Homeostasis (PSN, Resp, N2fix, ferment, etc.)
Growth = irreversible change in size
Movement…includes internal, limbs, locomotion
Reproduction…failure = extinction
Acclimatization-short term responses = behavior
Adaptation-long term responses = evolution
Biology is multidimensional
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
This array is an example of what
dimension?
Levels of Organization
What fields of biology are at each
extreme?
Biochemistry and Biophysics
In this course our focus will be upon…
The Organism!
Big Picture Page 16 Figure 1.1
Big Picture Page 16 Figure 1.2
ORGAN SYSTEM
Scientists regularly
integrate across
many of these levels
ORGAN
TISSUE
CELL
Levels of biological organization
MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISM
Big Picture Page 16 Figure 1.3
ORGANELLE
Scientists regularly
integrate across
many of these levels
MOLECULE
ATOM
Levels of biological organization
CELL
Ecosphere
What is the
white mass at
the top?
What season
is it in
Connecticut?
What are the
white swirls?
Where is the
equator?
http://www.solstation.com/stars/earth.jpg
What is the big
green-brown
body in the
upper half?
What is one source for the water?
http://www.theexplorationplace.com/eforest/satellitepic.jpg
Biome: deciduous forest biome
http://www.natureconservancy.ca/images/upload/ATLNB%20%20Saint%20John%20River%20Hardwood%20Forest%20-%20Aerial%20%20Communications%20NB%2072%20DPI%20RGB%20JPG.jpg
Ecosystems: forest, riverine, old field, disturbed
What are the different colors and shapes?
What are we not seeing without a closer look?
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/forestry/images/panama_forest.jpg
Forest ecosystem: a community of trees
http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/4h/blabea2s.jpg
Forest Community:
What do producer, consumer, decomposer mean?
http://www.fountainforestry.com/Dunn.JPG
Population of trees--OK only if ONE species? Is that valid?
Why is this
one tree so
different from
those
individuals in
the previous
picture?
http://www.oplin.org/tree/fact%20pages/maple_sugar/tree.jpg
Organism: one tree
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/images/acru6.jpg
Organ System: branch with stem, buds, petioles, leaves
blade
petiole
http://canada.culminis.com/canada/Silver%20Maple%20Leaf.JPG
Organ: one leaf
Tissues:
epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
photosynthesis
xylem
water and mineral intake
phloem
sugar and amino acid export
spongy mesophyll
evaporative cooling (photosynthesis)
epidermis
regulates water loss and gas exchange
http://gecko.gc.maricopa.edu/~lsola/Leaf/Leafxs.jpg
window, lens
Cell: a mesophyll protoplast (Cell wall was digested off by cellulase)
cell membrane
import/export
chloroplast
photosynthesis
vacuole
toxic waste processing
cytosol
fermentation glycolysis
http://www.botany.wisc.edu/images/mesophyll-protoplast_lg.jpg
nucleus
transcription
replication
Biology is multidimensional
Ecosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecule
This array is an example of what
dimension?
Levels of Organization
What fields of biology are at each
extreme?
Biophysics and Biochemistry
In this course our focus will be upon…
The Organism!
Of course some organisms consist of
just one cell!
Some organelles are derived from an
endosymbiotic organism!
endoplasmic
reticulum
internal transport
nucleus
transcription, replication
DNA
http://www.tmd.ac.jp/artsci/biol/textbook/nucleus.gif
Organelles:
endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, mitochondrion, oleosome
zymogen granule
enzyme protein storage
and secretion compartment
mitochondrion
respiration
Macromolecular: DNA
ribose sugar
(green white)
phosphate
nitrogenous bases
(blue green white red)
http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/dna.gif
(yellow red)
Biology is multidimensional
Bio
130
Bio
120
Bio
220
Che
Ecosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecule
This array is an example of what
dimension?
Levels of Organization
What fields of biology are at each
extreme?
Biophysics and Biochemistry
In this course our focus will be upon…
The Organism!
Of course some organisms consist of
just one cell!
Some organelles are derived from an
endosymbiotic organism!