Download Codon

Review
Questions:
 What is a single unit of DNA called?
 Nucleotide
 What shape is DNA?
 Double Helix
 What are the four letters / bases in DNA?
 A, T, G, C
 What are the complementary base pairs?
 A & T; C & G
Review:
 Do all living things have DNA?
 Yes
 Are Bacteria alive?
 Yes
 Where in our bodies do we find DNA?
 In all of our cells
 Where in our cells do we have DNA?
 In the Nucleus of our cells
Review:
 What is the name for the process where a
copy of DNA is made?

Replication
 Where does Replication take place in the
cell?

In the nucleus.
Questions:
 What is the name for the process where an
RNA message is made from a section of
DNA?

Transcription
 What is the name of this message?

mRNA
 Where does transcription take place?

In the nucleus.
DNA Translation
From Code to Protein
Translation: From Code to Protein
 Translation – The process where the code on
the mRNA is translated into amino-acids,
making a protein.
Amino acids – Molecules that
make a protein when put
together.
Amino Acid
Protein
Protein – A biomolecule that
does all the work in the cell.
Translation: From Code to Protein
First
 After transcription, the mRNA leaves the nucleus. It
goes out into the cytoplasm.
 The process of translation now begins in the
cytoplasm.
The Process:
 Second, a ribosome attaches to the mRNA.
 Ribosome – The cell part that puts amino
acids together to make a protein using the
mRNA code.
Ribosome
Review:
 What is the process where the code on the mRNA is
read and turned into amino acids?

Translation
 What do you make when you put amino acids
together?

Protein
 Where does this process take place in the cell?
 In the Cytoplasm
The Process:
 Third, the ribosome moves down to the
Start codon, AUG.
 Codon – A set of 3 bases on the mRNA that
codes for an amino acid and pairs with an
Anti-Codon.
Start Codon
Codon
Codon
Review:
 What is the name for the short sequence of RNA
bases that codes for an amino acid?

Codon
 How many bases are in a Codon?
 3
 What is the sequence of bases that makes up the
Start Codon?

AUG
 On what molecule do we find codons?
 mRNA
The Process:
 Fourth, a transfer RNA (tRNA) enters the
ribosome and matches up with the mRNA.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) – The molecule that
carries the amino-acid to the Ribosome. It
also has the Anti-Codon.
Amino Acid
tRNA
Anti Codon
The tRNA
Amino acid
tRNA
Anti Codon
The Process:
 The tRNA’s Anti Codon matches / pairs up
with the mRNA’s Codon.
 Anti-Codon – A set of 3 bases on the tRNA
that pairs with a Codon.
Anti- Codon
mRNA
Codon
Review:
 What is the name for the process where the code on the mRNA
is read and turned into amino acids?
 Translation
 What molecule carries the codons?

mRNA
 What molecule carries / transfers the amino acid to the
ribosome?
 tRNA
 What is the name for the sequence of bases on the tRNA that
pairs with codon on the mRNA?
 Anti codon
Codon & Anti-Codon Practice:
What is the name for the cell
part that puts together amino
What
molecule
the
acids
to makecarries
proteins?
amino acid to the Ribosome
and has an Anti Codon?
What is the name for the
molecule that carries the
message from DNA?
mRNA
tRNA
Codon & Anti-Codon Practice:
Anti- Codon
mRNA
Codon
The Process:
 Fifth, the tRNA leaves behind its amino acid
and the ribosome shifts down the mRNA code
to the next codon.
The Process:
 Finally, the ribosome will continue to match
codon with anti codon, building amino acids
into a chain. Thus, making a protein.
Protein
Video & Practice:
 http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html
 Having made a protein we have now
completed protein synthesis.
 Protein Synthesis – The process of making a
protein.
Review:
 What is the process where the code on the mRNA is
read and turned into amino acids?

Translation
 What do you make when you put amino acids
together?

Protein
 Where does this process take place in the cell?
 In the Cytoplasm
Review:
 Where does the process of Replication
happen?
 In the Nucleus
 Where does the process of Transcription
happen?
 In the Nucleus
 Where does the process of Translation
happen?
 In the Cytoplasm
Codon & Anti-Codon Practice:
What is the name for the cell
part that puts together amino
acids to make proteins?
mRNA
tRNA
Codon & Anti-Codon Practice:
Anti- Codon
mRNA
Codon
Review:
 What is the name for the short sequence of RNA
bases that codes for an amino acid?

Codon
 How many bases are in a Codon?
 3
 What is the sequence of bases that makes up the
Start Codon?

AUG
 On what molecule do we find codons?
 mRNA
Using a Codon Chart
Using a codon chart:
Step 1:
 Locate the start codon and each codon after
that. Mark them off.

Underline the start codon and put commas
around each codon. (You could also use
vertical lines instead of commas.)
CAUGCCCGCGAUAGAGCGC
 C, A U G, C C C, G C G, A U A, G A G, C G C
OR
 C, A U G C C C G C G A U A G A G C G C
How to use the chart:
RNA sequence:
AUG
Codon Practice:
RNA sequence:
UAA
Codon Practice:
RNA sequence:
CCA
RNA sequence:
AUG
Instructions: Start in
the middle and
work your way out.
RNA sequence:
UAC
Instructions: Start in
the middle and
work your way out.
END