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Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA
Replication
DNA
Transcription
mRNA
Translation
Protein
Objective: Compare and Contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
Do Now:
Transcription and Translation are two processes involved in protein synthesis.
Compare and contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation.
For each process explain:
1. Where does it occur?
2. What is the goal?
3. Which molecules and organelles play a role in Translation involved?
4. What molecule is produced?
5. How do nitrogen bases pair?
Process
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Where it happens?
Nucleus
Nucleus
Ribosomes in
cytoplasm or ER
What is the goal?
Make two identical
copies of DNA
Copy information
from DNA to mRNA
Synthesis of
proteins
Which molecules/
organelles play a
role?
What molecule
is produced?
DNA
Helicase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
DNA
DNA
mRNA
RNA polymerase
mRNA
Ribosome
mRNA
tRNA
Amino-acids
Proteins
or
Polypeptides
How do nitrogen
bases pair?
A–T
T–A
C–G
G-C
A–U
T–A
C–G
G-C
A–U
U–A
C–G
G-C
Objective: Compare and Contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
REPLICATION
In replication:
Guanine
•Cytosine pairs to _____________
Cytosine
•Guanine pairs to _____________
Thymine
• Adenine pairs to _____________
Adenine
• Thymine pairs to ____________
Write the nitrogen base sequence of the complementary DNA strand
DNA molecule:
T
A
C
C
C
A
A
G
T
G
G
T
T
C
G
A
C
A
C
T
T
A
A
A
T
G
C
A
T
C
A T G G G T T C A C CA A GC T G T G A A T T T A C G T A G
T A C C C AA G T G G T T C G A CA C T T A A A T G C A T C
A
T
G
G
G
T
T
C
A
C
C
A
A
G
C
T
G
T
G
A
A
T
T
T
A
C
G
T
A
G
Objective: Compare and Contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
TRANSCRIPTION
In transcription:
Guanine
•Cytosine pairs to ________________________
Cytosine
•Guanine pairs to ________________________
Uracil
•Adenine pairs to ________________________
Adenine
•Thymine pairs to ________________________
Below, write the base sequence that would appear on an mRNA strand after transcription of
upper DNA strand.
U G G G U U C A C C A A G C U G U G A A U U U A C G U A G
mRNA :A__________________________________________________________________
T
A
C
C
C
A
A
G
T
G
G
T
T
C
G
A
C
A
C
T
T
A
A
A
T
G
C
A
T
A U G G G U U C A C C A A G C U G U G A A U U U A C G U A G
C
Objective: Compare and Contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
TRANSLATION
Use the Genetic Code to determine the order of
amino acids in the resulting protein fragment.
Protein:
Met – Gly – Ser – Pro –Ser – Cys – Glu – Phe –Thr Stop
Do Now:
Animal cells utilize many different proteins. Discuss the synthesis of proteins in an
animal cell. Your answer must include at least: (3)
(1) the identity of the building blocks required to synthesize these proteins
(2) the identity of the sites in the cell where the proteins are assembled
(3) an explanation of the role of DNA in the process of making proteins in the cell