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electrodes
to vacuum
pump
CH4
NH3
H2O
H2
spark
discharge
gases
water out
condenser
water in
water droplets
boiling water
water containing
organic compounds
liquid water in trap
Figure 20.3b
Page 329
Slide 1
four formaldehyde
molecules with
four pyrrole rings
chlorophyll a
6H
porphyrin ring
system
Stepped Art
Figure 20.4
Page 330
Slide 2
living
cells
membrane-bound proto-cells
self-replicating system enclosed in a
selectively permeable, protective lipid sphere
DNA
RNA
formation of
protein-RNA systems,
evolution of DNA
enzymes and
other proteins
formation of
lipid spheres
spontaneous formation of lipids,
carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins,
nucleotides under abiotic conditions
Stepped Art
Figure 20.5d
Page 331
Slide 3
Archaebacterial
Lineage
Ancestors Of Eukaryotes
Noncyclic pathway
of photosynthesis
Origin of
Prokaryotes
Cyclic pathway of
photosynthesis
Eubacterial Lineage
3.8
3.2
billion years ago
Aerobic respiration
2.5
Figure 20.6 (1)
Page 332
Slide 4
ARCHAEBACTERIA
Extreme halophiles
Methanogens
Extreme thermophiles
Origins of eukaryotes
Origins of animals EUKARYOTES
Animals
origin of
mitosis,
meiosis
Endosymbiotic origins of
mitochondria
Heterotrophic protistans
Origins of fungi
Fungi
Photosynthetic protistans
Plants
Origins of plants
Endosymbiotic origins of
chloroplasts
EUBACTERIA
Oxygen-producing
photosynthetic eubacteria
Other photosynthetic
eubacteria
Heterotrophic and
chemoautotropic eubacteria
Figure 20.6 (2)
Page 333
1.2 bya
900 mya
435 mya
present
Slide 5
DNA
infolding
of plasma
membrane
Figure 20.10
Page 335
Slide 6
Gondwana
In-text figure
Page 336
Slide 7
Tethys
sea
Pangea
In-text figure
Page 337
Slide 8
In-text figure
Page 338
Slide 9
250
angiosperms
200
100
ferns
number of genera
150
cycads
50
conifers
ginkgo
other genera
160
140
120
100
80
millions of years ago
60
0
Figure 20.14
Page 338
Slide 10
In-text figure
Page 340
Slide 11
Devonian. Jawed fishes evolve, diversify;
ancestors of amphibians invade land.
Gondwana
Silurian. Sea level rises, diverse marine
life; plants, invertebrates invade land.
Cambrian. Explosion of diversity in
equatorial seas; icy polar regions.
Stepped Art
Fig. 20.18 (1)
Page 342
Slide 12
Middle Miocene. Polar regions
again iced over, as in Cambrian.
Cretaceous into Tertiary. Extinction
of dinosaurs; rise of mammals.
Pangea
Permian into Triassic. Swamp forests
(coal source); seed plants evolve.
Stepped Art
Fig. 20.18 (2)
Page 342
Slide 13