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The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion (in regions called “cristae”) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ + H+ H H+ H+ H+ + + + H+H H H H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Cyt c Q NADH NAD+ H+ Complex I Inner membrane FADH2 FAD Complex II H+ H+ O2 H2O Complex III Complex IV This is why we breathe rat poison cyanide & CO Proteins Carbohydrates Amino acids Sugars Glycolysis Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3- P NH3 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Fats Glycerol Fatty acids Glucose AMP Glycolysis Fructose-6-phosphate – Stimulates + Phosphofructokinase – Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Inhibits Inhibits Pyruvate ATP Citrate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion (in regions called “cristae”) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ + H+ H H+ H+ H+ + + + H+H H H H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Cyt c Q NADH NAD+ H+ Complex I Inner membrane FADH2 FAD Complex II H+ H+ O2 H2O Complex III Complex IV ATP Cellular respiration GLYCOLYSIS Glucose If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is present KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION Pyruvate If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is NOT present FERMENTATION All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol GLYCOLYSIS What goes in: ATP ATP 1 Glucose What comes out: 2 Glucose6-phosphate ADP 3 Fructose6-phosphate 4 Fructose1,6-bisphosphate ADP Glycolysis begins with an energyinvestment phase of 2 ATP 5 PIP • Think of the beginning of “Glyco-lysis” as eating a pizza Think Glucose = Pizza The common ‘hexo-pyranose’ form of Pizza Meet PIP (Phosphorylate-Isomerize-Phosphorylate) • Is that really the best way to hold on to your pizza? Aldolase = Fructose 1-6 Bisphosphate -> DHAP (ick) and G-3-P (tasty!) Isomerase -> DHAP (ick) G-3-P (tasty!) Isomerase -> G-3-P (tasty!) G-3-P (tasty!) Energy-investment phase GLYCOLYSIS What goes in: ATP ATP P I 1 Glucose What comes out: P 2 Glucose6-phosphate 3 Fructose6-phosphate ADP Hexokinase (capture) 4 Fructose1,6-bisphosphate ADP phosphoglucoisomerase PFK* ?????? [ATP] high 5 PFK is highly regulated ATP at active site Fructose- 1,6bisphosphate at active site ATP at regulatory site Energy-investment phase GLYCOLYSIS aldolase What goes in: ATP P I 1 Glucose What comes out: DHAP ATP P 2 Glucose6-phosphate 3 Fructose6-phosphate ADP hexokinase Fructose1,6-bisphosphate ADP phosphoglucoisomerase PFK* stimulates 5 isomerase 4 G-3-P G-3-P inhibits Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)-dehydrogenase [ATP] high [ADP] [AMP] Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase PIP All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol GLYCOLYSIS What goes in: ATP ATP 1 Glucose What comes out: 2 Glucose6-phosphate ADP 3 Fructose6-phosphate 4 5 Fructose1,6-bisphosphate ADP G-3-P G-3-P Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase Glycolysis begins with an energyinvestment phase of 2 ATP Energy payoff phase Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase The “2” indicates that glucose has been split into two 3-carbon sugars 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 6 2 G-3-P 2 2 7 1,3-BisPGA 8 2 9 2 ADP 2 10 Pyruvate 3-PGA pyruvate kinase 2 NADH G-3-P-dehydrogenase 2 ATP 2 ATP During the energy payoff phase, 4 ATP are produced for a net gain of 2 ATP So... want to go to Malibu [CA, FL, AK, HI] this summer?