Download 12. MP and MPM that contain anthracene derivatives

Medicinal plants and
medical plant materials that
contain anthracene
derivatives
Anthracene
derivatives
are
organic
compounds
containing
the
9,10anthracenedione nucleus of different oxidation
levels, types of connection and condensation
of monomer structures.
The oxidation level of the medium ring can be different- to
anthranol, anthrone, oxanthrone and anthraquinone.
Anthranols, anthrones and oxanthrone are easily oxydate
even by oxygen in the air thus the most spreaded and
studied are anthraquinone derivatives.
Classification
Monomers – anthracene derivatives with
one anthracene molecule.
Dimers – compounds with two molecules of
anthracene.
Condensed – anthracene derivatives, in which
two monomers linked between each other with 2
– mono and 1 – double bounds.
Мономерні сполуки відновленої форми
Мономер окисленої форми
Похідні антрахінону
1,8-дигідроксиантрахінон
1,2-дигідроксиантрахінон
Dimers
Sennosides A & B
Condensed
Hypericin
Anthraquinones are yellow-brown pigments, most
commonly occurring as O-glycosides or C-glycosides.
Hydroxyl groups always occur at position 1 and 8, that is
1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones or emodines (chryzacines)
and in position 1 and 2, that is 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinones
or alizarins
Identification reactions
react
Red colour
Chrysophanol
doesn’t react
Yellow colour
react
Red colour
Emodin
react
Red colour
Anthraquinone derivatives have different
actions.

Derivatives of emodine have purgative
action. This action appears in 8-12 hours
after taking medicines.

Alizarines have spasmolitic and
nephrolitic action.

Condenced derivatives have
antibacterial action.

MP and MRM which contain
emodines (chryzacines)
Frangulae Cortex – Alder
buckthorn bark
Frangula alnus- Alder Buckthorn,
Alder Dogwood
Rhamnaceae- Buckthorn family
 Constituents. Anthraquinone
derivatives present mainly in
the form of glycosides. The
rhamnoside (frangulin) was
isolated in 1857. This is now
known to consist of two
isomers- frangulosides A and
B, frangula-emodin-8-Oglucoside. The fresh bark
contains glucofrangulins.
Tanins, peptide alcaloids
(frangulanin, franganin)’
 Uses.Decoction has laxative
action. In pharmaceutical
industry liquid extract, dry
extract in tablets and “Rhamnil”
are produced.
Bark can be used only in 1
year after collection.
Possible admixtures of Alnus incana (Grey Alder), Alnus
glutinosa (Black Alder) and of Rhamnus cathartica
(Buckthorn)
RHAMNI CARTHARTICAE FRUCTUS –
COMMON BUCKTHORN fruit
RHAMNUS CATHARTICA – Common
Buckthorn (s): ramsthorn, waythorn
RHAMNACEAE
ПЛОДИ
БАР: 2-5 % anthraquinone glycosides:
frangula-emodin, chrysophanol,
glucofrangulins, frangulins, 3-4 %
tannins, flavonoids, pectins, ascorbic
acid.
Laxative acting
Decoction, laxative remedies and
composition and herbal tea
Sennae Folia
Sennae Fructus
Cassia acutifolia- Alexandrian senna
Cassia angustifolia- Tinnevelly senna
or Indian senna
Fabaceae

Constituents. Leaves contain a
family of hydroxyanthracene
glycosides, the most plentiful of
which are sennosides A and B.
There are also small amounts of
aloe-emodine and rhein 8glucosides; mucilage; flavonoids
and naphthalene precursors.

Usses. Infusion is used as a
laxative drug. To reduce the level
of resinous substances the
infusion should be filtrated.
Medicines- laxative and
antihaemorrhoidal mixes,
“Senadexin”, “Cafiol”,
“Senade”, “Regulax”.
Senna leaves and fruits
Rhei Radices
Rheum palmaticum L. var. tanguticumRhubarb, Chinese Rhubarb
Polygonaceae

Constituents. 3,5-6% of
anthraglycosides- rheumemodine, chrysophanol, aloeemodin, physcione,
franguloemodin; 7-10% of
tannins.

Usses. Is used as a powder or
composed powders, tablets
(0.5g) and dry extract for
treatment of constipation.
In low doses (0.05-0.2g)
powder has astringent effect.
Radices Rhei
Aloes Folia recens
Aloe arborescens- Krantz Aloe
Liliaceae

Constituents. Aloe-emodin and its
glycoside, chrysophanol, rheumemodin; up to 20% of resinous
substances, polysaccharides, amino
acids, steroid compounds, enzymes.

Sabur is a purgative drug. Small
doses increase appetite, big- used in
abortion.
Juice is used in treatment of
tuberculosis, gastrointestinal diseases,
bronchial asthma.
Externally- seborrheic dermatitis and
different inflammatory diseases of
skin.
Liquid Aloe extract is biogenic
stimulator in eye diseases.
Clinical trials show the anti-cancer
action of alcohol extract of Aloe.
Also Aloe is widely used in cosmetic
industry.





MP and MRM containing alizarines
Rubiae Rhizomata cum radicibus
Rubia tinctorum- Common Madder,Rubia
Rubiaceae

Constituents. Anthraquinone
derivatives (alizarins) - rubiadinglycoside, rubiadin, rubierythrinic
acid; flavonoids, iridoids.

Uses. Medicines are used in
treatment of cholelithiasis and
nephrolithiasis and gout (podagra),
because it dissolves and excretes
phosphates, oxalates and urates.
Dry extract is the main constituent
of Cystenal and Marelin.
MRM and drugs from Rubia