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Cellular Respiration Copyright Cmassengale What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds Copyright Cmassengale Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Copyright Cmassengale What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ENERGY! Copyright Cmassengale How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the highenergy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP Copyright Cmassengale What is the Process Called? HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O) H 2O Copyright Cmassengale How Does That Happen? An Enzyme! Copyright Cmassengale How is ATP Re-Made? The reverse of the previous process occurs. Another Enzyme is used! ATP Synthetase Copyright Cmassengale The ADP-ATP Cycle ATP Synthetase ATP-ase Copyright Cmassengale When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals by breaking down glucose. Copyright Cmassengale Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + 38ATP’s Copyright Cmassengale What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain Copyright Cmassengale Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the MitochondriaCopyright Cmassengale Review of Mitochondria Structure Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix Copyright Cmassengale Glycolysis Summary • Takes place in the Cytoplasm • Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen) • Requires input of 2 ATP • Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid • Also produces 2 NADH and 4ATP, CO2 is released(waste) Glycolysis Diagram Copyright Cmassengale Fermentation Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic) Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) Nets only 2 ATP Copyright Cmassengale Krebs Cycle Summary Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) Cyclical series of reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle Turns twice per glucose molecule Produces 2 ATP Takes place in matrix of mitochondria Copyright Cmassengale Krebs Cycle Summary Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces NADH, FADH2, and CO2 The NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the Electron Transport Chain The CO2 produced is released as waste. Copyright Cmassengale Krebs Cycle Copyright Cmassengale Electron Transport Chain Summary Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane (cristae) Requires Oxygen Uses FADH2 and NADH from Krebs Cycle and NADH from Glycolysis H2O Produced and is released FAD+ and NAD+ are produced and recycled to be used again in Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle Copyright Cmassengale 34 ATP Produced Electron Transport Chain Copyright Cmassengale Cellular Respiration Summary The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration (including glycolysis) results in the production of 38 ATP molecules. Glycolysis = 2 ATP Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain = 34 ATP Copyright Cmassengale Cellular Respiration Summary Copyright Cmassengale