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DNA
transcription
translation
RNA
protein
In-text figure
Page 227
Slide 1
URACIL (U)
base with a
single-ring
structure
phosphate
group
sugar
(ribose)
Figure 14.2
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Slide 2
DNA
G
C
A
T
RNA
G
C
A U
DNA
C
G
T
A
DNA
C
G
T A
base-pairing in DNA replication
base-pairing in transcription
Figure 14.3
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Slide 3
sugar-phosphate backbone of one strand
of nucleoides in a DNA double helix
sugar-phosphate backbone of
the other strand of nucleoides
part of the sequence of
base-pairs (blue)
Figure 14.4a
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Slide 4
RNA polymerase
DNA
Figure 14.4b
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Slide 5
transcribed DNA winds up again
newly forming RNA
transcript
DNA to be transcribed unwinds
DNA template at the
assembly site
Figure 14.4c
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Slide 6
growing RNA transcript
3’
5’
3’
5’
direction of transcription
5’
3’
Figure 14.4d,e
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Slide 7
unit of transcription in a DNA strand
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
5’
3’
transcription into pre-mRNA
5’
poly-A tail
ca
p
3’
snipped out
snipped out
5’
3’
mature mRNA transcript
Stepped Art
Figure 14.5
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Slide 8
base sequence of gene region
mRNA
amino acids
arginine
glycine
tyrosine
tryptophan tyrosine
Figure 14.6
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Slide 9
Figure 14.7
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Slide 10
codon in mRNA
anticodon
amino-acid
attachment site
amino
acid
OH
Figure 14.8
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Slide 11
tunnel
small ribosome subunit
+
large ribosome subunit
intact ribosome
Figure 14.9b,c
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Slide 12
Initiation
intact ribosome
small ribosomal subunit
initiator tRNA
mRNA transcript
Fig. 14.10a-c
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Slide 13
binding site for mRNA
P (first binding
site for tRNA)
A (second binding
site for tRNA)
platform on small ribosomal subunit
Figure 14.10d
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Slide 14
Elongation
Fig. 14.10e-g
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Slide 15
Elongation
Fig. 14.10h,i
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Slide 16
Termination
mRNA
mRNA
new polypeptide chain
Fig. 14.10j-k
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Slide 17
original base triplet
in a DNA strand
a base substitution
within the triplet (red)
During replication, proofreading
enzymes make a substitution:
possible outcomes:
or
original, unmutated
sequence
a gene mutation
Figure 14.11
Page 234
Slide 18
mRNA
parental DNA
arginine
glycine
tyrosine
tryptophan asparagine amino acids
altered mRNA
arginine
glycine
leucine
leucine
glutamate
DNA with
base insertion
altered aminoacid sequence
Figure 14.12
Page 234
Slide 19
Transcription
mRNA
rRNA
protein
subunits
mRNA
ribosomal
transcripts
subunits
tRNA
tRNA
Translation
amino
acids,
tRNAs,
ribosomal
subunits
Protein
Figure 14.14
Page 236
Slide 20