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The exchange of energy from one form to another in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Photosynthesis: Converting light energy to chemical energy Devon Stork, Leorah McGinnis, Sarah Wolberg, Kyle Hurst, Allison Reser. 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) C6H12O6 + 6O2. Summary of Photosynthesis CO2 H2O Light NADP+ +ADP i Light Reactions P Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Thylakoids Chloroplast O2 [CH2O] (sugar) Fig. 10-17 The Light reactions: STROMA (low H+ concentration) Cytochrome Photosystem I complex Light Photosystem II 4 H+ Light Fd NADP+ reductase NADP+ + H+ NADPH Pq H2O THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) e– 1 e– 1/ Pc 2 2 3 O2 +2 H+ 4 H+ To Calvin Cycle Thylakoid membrane STROMA (low H+ concentration) ATP synthase ADP + Pi ATP H+ Photosystem STROMA Light-harvesting Reaction-center complex complexes Primary electron acceptor Thylakoid membrane Photon e– Transfer of energy Special pair of chlorophyll a molecules Pigment molecules THYLAKOID SPACE (INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID) How the photosystems work. CH3 CHO in chlorophyll a in chlorophyll b Porphyrin ring: light-absorbing “head” of molecule; note magnesium atom at center Hydrocarbon tail: interacts with hydrophobic regions of proteins inside thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts; H atoms not shown Structure of Chlorophyll Fig. 10-18-3 Input 3 (Entering one at a time) CO2 Calvin Cycle Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3 P Short-lived intermediate P 6 P 3-Phosphoglycerate 3P P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 6 ATP 6 ADP 3 ADP 3 Calvin Cycle 6 P P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ATP 6 NADPH Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP) 6 NADP+ 6 Pi P 5 G3P 6 P Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) 1 Output P G3P (a sugar) Glucose and other organic compounds Phase 2: Reduction Cellular Respiration Fig. 9-6-3 Overall Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Citric acid cycle Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvate Cytosol Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Mitochondrion ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation ATP Oxidative phosphorylation Cellular Respiration Glycolosis Cellular Respiration Krebs (Citric acid) Cycle Intro. Fig. 9-11 Cellular Respiration Pyruvate CO2 NAD+ CoA NADH + H+ Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Citric acid cycle FADH2 2 CO2 3 NAD+ 3 NADH FAD + 3 H+ ADP + P i ATP Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Phosphorylation Fig. 9-16 H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein complex of electron carriers Cyt c V Q ATP synthase FADH2 NADH 2 H+ + 1/2O2 H2O FAD NAD+ ADP + P i (carrying electrons from food) ATP H+ 1 Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation 2 Chemiosmosis