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Genetic Mutations Accelerated Biology What is a Mutation? A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein. Some causes of mutations include: Radiation, carcinogens, and ultraviolet light. What is a Deletion Mutation? A mutation in which one or more bases are omitted from the strand. Example: Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat With a deletion mutation: 1. Ptt heb adc at (e is deleted) 2. Pet the cat (if three are deleted) What is an Addition Mutation? A mutation in which one or more bases are added. Example: Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat With an addition mutation: 1. Pae tth eba dca t What is a Frameshift Mutation? When one or two bases are left out or added, and all of the codons after the mutation are now different. If 3 are bases are deleted or added, NO frame shift will occur. Example: Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat With a frameshift mutation: 1. Ptt heb adc at 2. Pet tth eba dca t What is a Substitution Mutation? A mutation in which one base is put in the strand in place of another Example: Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat With a substitution mutation: Put the bad cat Usually NOT a frame shift mutation because there are still three codons in the base. Only one is messed up. Types of Mutations