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Genetic Mutations
Accelerated Biology

What is a Mutation?
 A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA
sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA
sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the
protein.
 Some causes of mutations include:
 Radiation, carcinogens, and ultraviolet light.
What is a Deletion Mutation?
 A mutation in which one or more bases are omitted
from the strand.
 Example:
Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat
With a deletion mutation:
1. Ptt heb adc at (e is deleted)
2. Pet the cat (if three are deleted)
What is an Addition Mutation?
 A mutation in which one or more bases are added.
 Example:
Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat
With an addition mutation:
1. Pae tth eba dca t
What is a Frameshift Mutation?
 When one or two bases are left out or added, and
all of the codons after the mutation are now
different. If 3 are bases are deleted or added, NO
frame shift will occur.
 Example:
Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat
With a frameshift mutation:
1. Ptt heb adc at
2. Pet tth eba dca t
What is a Substitution Mutation?
 A mutation in which one base is put in the strand in
place of another
 Example:
Regular sentence: Pet the bad cat
With a substitution mutation:
Put the bad cat
 Usually NOT a frame shift mutation because there
are still three codons in the base. Only one is
messed up.
Types of Mutations