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Lecture 6b-10 February 2016 Most of this lecture taken from Chapters 6,7 of Rolfes et al(Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition (Nutrition 2104/2106 text) Lecture 6b-10 February 2016 Protein metabolism and regulation Outline of lectures 6a,b Amino acids • • • • • • Definition of amino acid Structure of amino acid Non-essential amino acids Essential amino acids Conditionally essential amino acids Class exercise Outline of lectures 6a,b Proteins • Definition of protein • Amino acid chains • Amino acid sequence • Protein shapes • Protein functions • Protein denaturation • Digestion • Absorption • Transport Outline of lectures 6a,b Metabolism • Amino acid anabolism • Protein anabolism • Protein catabolism • Amino acid catabolism • Nitrogen balance • Regulation of amino acid and protein metabolism More detailed comments Proteins Absorption -specific carriers move amino acids and a few dipeptides and tripeptides into intestinal cells -once inside intestinal cells amino acids can be used for energy or to synthesise some proteins Proteins Transport -rest of amino acids put directly into blood and taken to liver -are amino acid carriers required for free amino acids to transport those free amino acids in the blood? Proteins Class exercise -what happens to protein functions if there are insufficient: a) essential amino acids in the diet? why? b) non-essential amino acids in the diet? Explain -what happens to protein functions if there are sufficient? c) essential amino acids in the diet? explain Metabolism Protein anabolism amino acids joined to amino acids figure 6-7 Rolfes et al Fig. 6-7, p. 188 Metabolism Protein catabolism -digestion in stomach and small intestine -non gi tract catabolism Metabolism Amino acid catabolism -figure 7-13 Rolfes -figure 7.24 Gropper - get urea which is excreted in urine © 2009 Cengage - Wadsworth Metabolism Nitrogen balance -equilibrium N in = N out healthy adult -negative nitrogen balance N in < N out illness, starvation -positive nitrogen balance N in > N out -person recovering from illness -growing child Regulation of amino acid and protein metabolism -demand for amino acid and protein anabolism -eg if need positive N balance or to keep in N equilibrium -if lots of glucose available -demand for amino acid and protein catabolism-eg if in negative N balance or to keep in N equilibrium -if short of glucose Relation of protein metabolism to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism -figure 7-8 Rolfes et al. © 2009 Cengage - Wadsworth Class exercise Explain the importance of dietary carbohydrate to protein metabolism Explain the importance of dietary lipid to protein metabolism Explain the importance of dietary protein to protein metabolism
