Download Macromolecules

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Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Has proportions of above 1:2:1
Key sources of energy found in most foods
Building blocks of carbohydrates are simple
sugars
Monosaccharide – single sugars, example:
glucose (C6H12O6).
Disaccharide – two monosaccharides bonded
together, example: sucrose (C12H24O12)
Polysaccharide – multiple monosaccharides or
disaccharides bonded together, example:
starches, cellulose.
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Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (not
in a 1:2:1 ratio)
Includes: fats, oils, waxes
Building blocks of lipids are fatty acids
Saturated fats – composed of hydrocarbon
chains without double bonds, solid at room
temperature
Unsaturated fats – composed of a link of fatty
chains that have double bonds and they don’t
pack so tightly because they bend, liquid at
room temperature
Polyunsaturated fats – contain multiple
double bonds, heart healthy fats
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Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
and Nitrogen
Building blocks are amino acids (there are 20
amino acids)
Amino acids are combined in a linear chain.
They are then folded in a variety of ways.
Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and
structural proteins
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Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Phosphate
Building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides
Nucleotide has three parts: base, sugar and
phosphate
Three types:
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
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RNA - Ribonucleic acid
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ATP - Adenosine triphosphate
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◦ Double strand of nucleotides
◦ Hereditary information
◦ Single strand of nucleotides
◦ Needed for protein synthesis
◦ Nucleotide plus two extra phophate groups
◦ Energy source for cells