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Cell Processes
lipid
bilayer
Cell Membrane – made up of a ____________
___________
protein
with molecules of __________________.
Some molecules pass through,
Selectively permeable - ___________________________________
but others can’t
_______________________________________________________
Materials pass through the membrane
Passive transport - _____________________________________
without using energy
______________________________________________________
A. Diffusion – movement of molecules from an area
many
Where there are __________
molecules to where there are
fewer
______________
molecules
water
B. Osmosis - the diffusion of ____________
through a
membrane
______________________
Movement of molecules in
C. Dynamic Equilibrium - ________________________
______________________________________________
opposite directions at the molecular level while the
______________________________________________
overall conditions remain the same
Two containers of equal volume are
separated by a membrane that allows
free passage of water, but totally
restricts passage of solute molecules.
Solution A has 3 molecules of the
protein albumin and Solution B
contains 15 molecules of glucose .
Into which compartment will water
flow, or will there be no net movement
of water?
will move from Solution A to Solution B
Answer: Water
__________________________________________
because there are more non-water particles in
_________________________________________________
Solution B than A. Size of molecules doesn’t affect
_________________________________________________
osmosis, just the number (concentration) of molecules.
__________________________________________________
Example of diffusion in our bodies:
1. Takes place in the ____________
where oxygen and CO2
lungs
diffuse from the _________________
in the lungs into the
alveoli
capillaries
____________________
containing the blood.
O2
capillaries
Fish Tank Water = 8% salt
15% salt
A
1% salt
6% salt
8% salt
B
C
D
1. If the fish tank water is 8% salt, what is the % pure water?
92%
__________
B has the most water in it. ( 99% water)
2. Fish _____
3.
4.
5.
6.
A has the least water in it. (85% water)
Fish _____
A
Which fish will gain water? _____
Which fish will lose water? _____
B,C
Which fish will stay the same? _____
D
7. Which fish is in its natural environment? _____
D
Amoebas – one-celled organisms that live in water. These are in
15% saltwater (85% H2O).
A
B
5%
1%
C
15%
* Percentages show % salt in the amoeba
1. Which amoeba has the most water? _____
B
2. Which amoeba has the least water? _____
D
D
3. Which amoeba will gain water? ____
A, B
4. Which amoeba will lose water? ______
5. Which amoeba will stay the same? _____
C
6. Which amoeba is in its natural environment? _____
C
D
22%
Active Transport - _______________
energy
is used by the cell to transport
materials across the ___________________.
Often this is
cell membrane
low
against
______________
the gradient (going from _______
concentration to
high
protein
___________
concentration). This is done by _________________
molecules in the cell membrane.
A. Pinocytosis – dissolved molecules enter the cell when the
membrane
________________
closes around it.
B. Phagocytosis (engulfing) – Large, __________________
undissolved
particles are engulfed by the _____________________
flowing
cytoplasm
around it and encasing it in a _______________________.
vacuole
Endocytosis – Part of a _____________________
membrane
forms a sac
around something being brought into the cell, pinches off, and
enters the cell. ___________________
and ___________________
Pinocytosis
phagocytosis
are types of endocytosis.
Example: White blood cells eating _________________
bacteria
(phagocytosis)
Exocytosis – a __________________________
membrane - bound
package joins with the
_________
______________,
opens, and releases its contents to the
cell
membrane
Outside of the cell.
Organization of cells
I. Some organisms are _______________
single
cells.
Ex: ____________,
______________,
___________________,
amoeba
euglena
paramecium
__________________,
___________
_____________
bacteria
some
algae
*All functions take place in a __________
single
__________.
cell
II. Other organisms, including ______________,
are
humans
______________________.
multicellular
Ex: Cells are organized for better functioning:
tissue
______
 ___________
 __________
________
cells  __________
organ
organ
system
 __________________
organism
Ex: ____________
cardiac
_______
cells
 ___________
cardiac
__________
tissue
________
 ________________
__________
heart
circulatory
system  _____________
person
Ex: _______
xylem _______
cells
__________
xylem
___________
tissue
_________
stem
 ________________
plant
Transport through
a membrane
Active
Passive
requires
requires
Energy
No Energy
large
molecules
dissolved
molecules
Osmosis
Diffusion
phagocytosis pinocytosis
Ex: white
blood cells
eat bacteria
Ex: Amino
acids
Water through
a membrane
Carbon
dioxide
Oxygen
Cell Processes
Cell Membrane – made up of a ____________ ___________
with molecules of __________________.
Selectively permeable - ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Passive transport - _____________________________________
______________________________________________________
A. Diffusion – movement of molecules from an area
Where there are __________ molecules to where there are
______________ molecules
B. Osmosis - the diffusion of ____________ through a
______________________
C. Dynamic Equilibrium - ________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Two containers of equal volume are
separated by a membrane that allows
free passage of water, but totally
restricts passage of solute molecules.
Solution A has 3 molecules of the
protein albumin and Solution B
contains 15 molecules of glucose .
Into which compartment will water
flow, or will there be no net movement
of water?
Answer: __________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Example of diffusion in our bodies:
1. Takes place in the ____________ where oxygen and CO2
diffuse from the _________________ in the lungs into the
____________________ containing the blood.
O2
capillaries
Fish Tank Water = 8% salt
15% salt
A
1% salt
6% salt
8% salt
B
C
D
1. If the fish tank water is 8% salt, what is the % pure water?
__________
2. Fish _____ has the most water in it.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fish _____ has the least water in it.
Which fish will gain water? _____
Which fish will lose water? _____
Which fish will stay the same? _____
7. Which fish is in its natural environment? _____
Amoebas – one-celled organisms that live in water. These are in
15% saltwater (85% H2O).
A
B
5%
1%
C
15%
* Percentages show % salt in the amoeba
1. Which amoeba has the most water? _____
2. Which amoeba has the least water? _____
3. Which amoeba will gain water? ____
4. Which amoeba will lose water? ______
5. Which amoeba will stay the same? _____
6. Which amoeba is in its natural environment? _____
D
22%
Active Transport - _______________ is used by the cell to transport
materials across the ___________________. Often this is
______________ the gradient (going from _______ concentration to
___________ concentration). This is done by _________________
molecules in the cell membrane.
A. Pinocytosis – dissolved molecules enter the cell when the
________________ closes around it.
B. Phagocytosis (engulfing) – Large, __________________
particles are engulfed by the _____________________ flowing
around it and encasing it in a _______________________.
Endocytosis – Part of a _____________________ forms a sac
around something being brought into the cell, pinches off, and
enters the cell. ___________________ and ___________________
are types of endocytosis.
Example: White blood cells eating _________________
(phagocytosis)
Exocytosis – a __________________________ package joins with the
_________ ______________, opens, and releases its contents to the
Outside of the cell.
Organization of cells
I. Some organisms are _______________ cells.
Ex: ____________, ______________, ___________________,
__________________, ___________ _____________
*All functions take place in a __________ __________.
II. Other organisms, including ______________, are
______________________.
Ex: Cells are organized for better functioning:
______  __________  ___________  __________ ________
 __________________
Ex: ____________ _______  ___________ __________
________  ________________ __________  _____________
Ex: _______ _______ __________ ___________ _________
 ________________
requires
phagocytosis pinocytosis
requires