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SVAVGSQFPFRYNYTI ED1 ED2 Figure S1. Putative Structure of MS4a4B. MS4a4B is a transmembrane protein containing 226 amino acid residues. The membrane-spanning domains (TM) are predicted by TMHMM 2.0 program. The predicted phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic regions are indicated by red dots (Thr7, Ser26 and Tyr218). The first and second extracellular domains (ED) are indicated as ED1 and ED2 respectively. The amino acid sequence (ED2) selected for preparation of antibody is shown. Clinical score 4 Ig control Anti-MS4a4B 3 2 1 p<0.001 (N=7) B Clinical score A 3 Ig control Anti-MS4a4B 2 1 p<0.01 (N=6) 0 0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Days post immunization Days post immunization Figure S2. Anti-MS4a4B treatment ameliorates EAE. EAE in C57BL/6 mice were induced with MOG/CFA protocol. a. Mice were then treated with anti-MS4a4B antibodies (or Ig as control)(1 mg/injection) on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 p.i. b. Mice were treated with anti-MS4a4B (or Ig control) on day 10 (2 mg/mouse), day 13 (1 mg/mouse) and day 16 (1 mg/mouse) p.i. The data are presented as Mean ± SE of clinical scores. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA test. The representative of two independently repeated experiments is shown. Proliferation index 3.5 Ig Anti-MS4a4B 3 * 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5 10 20 Concentration of MOG (g/ml) Figure S3. Anti-MS4a4B treatment decreases MOG-induced T cell proliferation. Spleen cells from anti-MS4a4B-treated or control Ig-treated EAE mice described in Figure 6 were cultured at 2 x 105/well in 96 well plates and stimulated with MOG peptide. T cell proliferation was determined by 3H-TdR incorporation as described in “Method”. The results are shown as mean ± SD of triplicate proliferation index (Stimulated CPM/ Unstimulated CPM. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired T-test. *p < 0.05. IL-5 (pg/ml) 150 125 NS Ig-treated Anti-MS4a4B 100 75 50 25 0 MOG IFN- (pg/ml) 2000 * 1500 Medium Ig-treated Anti-MS4a4B 1000 500 0 MOG IL-17 (pg/ml) 3500 3000 * Medium Ig-treated Anti-MS4a4B 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 MOG Medium Figure S4: Anti-MS4a4B treatment decreases MOG-induced IFN- and IL17 production. Spleen cells from anti-MS4a4B-treated or control-Ig treated EAE mice described in Figure 6 were cultured at 1 x 106/ml in 24 well plates and restimulated with 10 g/ml MOG peptide or without stimulation as control. Supernatants were harvested from culture on day 3 of stimulation. Cytokine levels in supernatants were measured by ELISA. The results are shown as mean ± SD of duplicate. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired Ttest. NS: not significant; *p < 0.05.