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Organic Compounds Biology 11 Text Questions – Section 2.1 – 2.4 Intro reading: Chemistry of Life (pg 30) Reflect on Your Learning #1 – 5 2.1 & 2.2 – Task Organic Compounds & Carbohydrates Read: Pages 32 – 36 Omit 2.1.1 Activity Answer Practice Questions : #1, 2, 4 to 8 (on pg 36/37) Section Question: #1 (on pg 40) #1 – Carbohydrates Types Monosaccharide Disaccharide Single/simple sugars Double sugars (2 simple sugars joined together) Polysaccharide Complex carbohydrates (many simple sugars creating long chain) #2 – Organic or Inorganic Water Inorganic Does not contain carbon Carbon dioxide Inorganic Does have carbon BUT does not have hydrogen #4 – Function of Carbs Primary energy source for cells #5 – Single Sugars a.k.a. monosaccharides Glucose Fructose Found in plants, your cells and blood! Found in fruit Galactose Found in milk #6 – Disaccharide Table Maltose Sucrose Used in beer making Brown & white sugar Lactose Found in milk #7 – Cellulose & Starch Polysaccharides Found in plants Starch Energy source Cellulose Structural component in plant cells Cell walls #8 – Ingredients as Sugar Have suffix (ending) “…ose” #1 – Extra Carbs If not used: Converted into fat and stored Carbohydrate intake should only be limited if: Excess carbohydrates are consumed daily Stop weight gain 2.3 – Task Lipids Read: Pages 37 – 39 Answer: Practice Questions: #1 to 5 (on pg 39) Section Questions: #2, 3 (on pg 40) #1 – Fats (Lipids) Structure: Composed of: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Fatty acids and glycerol Function: Supply energy to body cells Carry many important vitamins Construction material for cell membrane & hormones #2 – Non-triglyceride Fats Phospholipids Phosphate head with tail Steroids Ring shaped Waxes Cholesterol #3 – Triglyceride Composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids #4 – Cholesterol Type of lipid Function: Temperature control in cell membrane Makes hormones #5 – Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated Have maximum number of hydrogen atoms All carbons have 4 bonds Usually animal fats Unsaturated Have fewer hydrogen atoms Some carbons have double bonds Usually plant fats/oils #2 – Are Fats Essential? They ARE essential because: Carry some important vitamins Gives energy Also required for proper brain and nerve development in fetus/infants #3 – Cholesterol Good & Bad Benefits: Part of cell membrane Makes hormones Harmful: Blocks blood vessels 2.4 – Task Proteins Read: Pages 41 – 42 Answer Practice Questions: #1 – 4 (on pg 42) #1 – Proteins Structure: Composed of amino acids Function: Construction/building material in MANY parts of the body Nails, hair, cell membrane, cartilage, pigments of skin & eyes, hormones, muscle tissues, antibodies, enzymes #2 – Amino Acids Small building blocks that form proteins Polypeptide chains 20 different types 12 – made in body 8 – “essential” obtained by food #3 – High Protein Food Meat Fish Eggs Milk products Beans Whole grains #4 – Why so Many Proteins? Composed of 20 different amino acids Can be arranged in a variety of different: Order (including repetition) Lengths If 20-letter alphabet: Produce an infinite number of different words and sentences Don’t forget about … Nucleic Acids Composed of: Examples: Nucleotides DNA & RNA Food sources: All foods