Download Infant Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle
Infant Nutrition
Caloric Needs
• Birth–3 months
– 102 kcals/kg
• 4-6 months
– 82 kcals/kg
• 7-12 months
– 80 kcals/kg
• 13-35 months
– 82 kcal/kg
Breastfeeding
• The preferred feeding for all
infants.
– The American Academy of
Pediatrics
• Many benefits
Benefits of Breastfeeding
• Optimal amounts of protein,
carbohydrate, and fat
• Protection against infection and
allergies
• Low risk of contamination
• Reduced incidence of: diarrhea,
ear infections and necrotizing
enterocolitis, etc.
• Increased bonding between
mother and infant
• Earlier return to pre-pregnancy
weight
Rates of Breastfeeding in the
U.S.
• In 2007
– 74% of mothers initiated
breastfeeding
– 42% continued to 6 months
• In 2001
– 69.5% of mothers initiated
breastfeeding
– 32% continued to 6 months
Rates of Breastfeeding in the
U.S.
• Lower rates among:
– Less educated individuals
– Single, young, or employed
– African American & Hispanic
populations
The Healthy People 2010 Goals
• Achieve initiation rates of
75%
• Rates of breastfeeding at 6
months of 50%
• Rates of breastfeeding at 12
months of 25%
Formulas
• Appropriate substitute for
feeding
• Available in 3 forms:
– Ready to feed
– Concentrated liquid
– Powder
Formulas Cont.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Standard Cow Milk based
Soy
Protein hydrolysate
Amino Acid based
Follow-up formulas
Cow milk
Transition to Solid Foods
• Start with rice cereal
• Then vegetables & fruits
• Introduce only one new
food at a time
• Wean from breast or bottle
around 1 year old
Introduction of Solids
Transition to Table Foods
• From 12 to 24 months old
– Increase variety of table foods
– Increase texture of foods ( from
puree to chunky to small
pieces)
Feeding 12–24 months
Milk and
Milk
Products
Meat and
Protein
Foods
Breads,
Cereals and
Starches
Fruits and
Vegetable
Fats and
Oils
4 servings
2 servings
4 or more
servings
4 or more
servings
3 servings
4-6 ounces
whole milk
and milk
products
½ -1 ounce
meat or egg
¼ cup
½ - 1 slice
bread,
¼ - ½ cup
cereal, rice or
3 ounces
juice (limit to
one serving)
and 1-2
tablespoons
fruits and
vegetables
Do not limit
legumes
pasta
Foods to Avoid
• Peanut butter, shell fish, and
honey
• Chocking hazards: nuts, raw
carrots, popcorn, round
candy, hot dogs and grapes
Growth
• By 1 year:
– Birth wt. triples
– Length increases 50%
• Monitored closely
• Growth charts
– Boys/Girls Birth-36 month
– Boys/Girls 2-20 years
– Syndrome specific
"To eat is a necessity,
but to eat intelligently is
an art."
- La Rochefoucauld
This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the California
Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy California. These institutions
are equal opportunity providers and employers. The Food Stamp Program provides
nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help buy nutritious foods for a
better diet. For information on the Food Stamp Program, call 1-888-328-3483.