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IPHY 3430 10-04-11 Circulatory System Purposes: Delivery of O2, energy containing substrates, vitamins and other nutrients to cells; Removal of CO2, secretory products, and waste products from cells. Topics a. blood constituents b. transport of gases c. heart function d. blood pressure e. blood volume and lymphatic system Additional components of the circulatory system: Medulla vasomotor center SNS, PNS And, blood... Components of Blood: Cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Plasma: water proteins a. Albumin b. globulins (,,) c. Fibrinogen ions glucose, amino acids wastes (creatinine, urea, ammonia) Transport of Oxygen 3% transported dissolved in plasma 97% transported in red blood cell in association with hemoglobin Red blood cells Men: 5 million/ml blood Women: 4.5 million/ml blood 25-30 trillion rbc’s in total blood volume 120 day life span no nucleus, mitochondria nor ribosomes 4 heme groups (Fe plus pyrroles) + 4 globin molecules Hemoglobin binding on heme groups 1. O2 2. CO on globin chains 3. CO2 4. H+ 5. Nitric oxide (NO) 6. 2,3 biphosphoglycerate Regulation of red blood cell production RBCs (O2 delivery) ---> Kidney (both sensor and integrator)---> secretion of erythropoietin --> stimulation of bone marrow to produce RBCs --> RBCs (O2 delivery) RBCs (O2 delivery) ---> Kidney (both sensor and integrator)---> secretion of erythropoietin --> stimulation of bone marrow to produce RBCs --> RBCs (O2 delivery) Pathological variation in RBCs Anemias (30% and below) 1. Iron deficiency 2. Lack of folic acid in diet 3. Pernicious 4. Hemorrhagic 5. Aplastic 6. Hemolytic 7. Renal Regulation of red blood cell production RBCs (blood PO2) ---> Kidney (both sensor and integrator)---> secretion of erythropoietin --> stimulation of bone marrow to produce RBCs --> RBCs (PO2) RBCs (blood PO2) ---> Kidney (both sensor and integrator)---> secretion of erythropoietin --> stimulation of bone marrow to produce RBCs --> RBCs (PO2) Pathological variation in RBCs Polycythemia (70% and above) 1. Polycythemia vera 2. Chronic high altitude mountain sickness Relation between hematocrit and oxygen transport Normal hematocrit Blood doping O2 transport Hematocrit