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Document related concepts
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Transcript 
Proteins
Elements
Water
Carbos Lipids
$100 $100 $100 $100
$200
$200 $200 $200
$300 $300 $300
$100 $100
$200
$200
$300
$300 $300
$400 $400 $400 $400
$400 $400
$500 $500 $500 $500
$500 $500
1 - 100
1-100
1 - 100
1-100A
Atoms
1-200
1 - 100
1-200A
Ions
1-300
1 - 100
1-300A
Covalent
1-400
1 - 100
1-400A
Ionic
1-500
1 - 100
1-500A
Carbon
1 - 100
2-100
1 - 100
2-100A
Water
2-200
1 - 100
2-200A
Polar
2-300
1 - 100
2-300A
Hydrogen
Bonds
2-400
1 - 100
2-400A
Cohesion
2-500
1 - 100
2-500A
1. Coolant / Evaporation - aids body cooling.
2. High specific heat - bodies of water stay
constant temp.
3. Transport/Universal Solvent - polarity dissolves many substances.
4. Habitat: Major component of internal
(organism) & external environments.
5. Cohesion supports animal weight.
6. Adhesion (capillary action) pulls water up plants.
7. Low density of ice - protects life beneath it.
1 - 100
3-100
1 - 100
3-100A
Monosaccharides
3-200
1 - 100
3-200A
Glucose
Fructose
Ribose
Deoxyribose
3-300
1 - 100
3-300A
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
3-400
1 - 100
3-400A
Plant starch (Amylose)
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
Pectin
3-500
1 - 100
3-500A
1) Energy source of all cells - Glucose
2) Energy storage (plants) - Starch (amylose)
3) Energy storage (animals) - Glycogen
4) Gelling agent - Pectin
5) Arthropod exoskeletons - Chitin
6) Cell walls of plants - Cellulose
1 - 100
4-100
1 - 100
4-100A
3 Fatty acids
Glycerol
4-200
1 - 100
4-200A
Saturated
Fatty Acid
4-300
1 - 100
4-300A
Phospholipids
4-400
1 - 100
4-400A
Testosterone
Estrogen
Cholesterol
Progesterone
Chortisone
4-500
1 - 100
4-500A
1) Long-term energy storage - fats & oils
2) Water-proofing - waxes
3) Buoyancy - fats & oils
4) Chemical messengers - steroids
5) Lipid bilayers of cell
membranes- Phospholipids
1 - 100
5-100
1 - 100
5-100A
Amino Acids
5-200
1 - 100
5-200A
Peptide
Bond
5-300
1 - 100
5-300A
Amino Group
5-400
1 - 100
5-400A
Denaturation
5-500
1 - 100
5-500A
1) Enzyme catalysis - Amylase,
Proteases or Pectinase
2) Body defense - Antibodies
3) Transport - Hemoglobin
4) Motion - Actin or Myosin
5) Structure/support - Collagen
6) Regulation/ communication Insulin or Adrenaline
6- 100
1 - 100
1 - 100
6-100A
Catalyst
6-200
1 - 100
6-200A
1) Lower activation energy.
2) Flex or twist to break bonds.
3) Bring substrates together.
6-300
Noncompetitive Inhibition
(Allosteric Inhibition)
1 - 100
6-300A
6-400
1 - 100
6-400A
Competitive Inhibition
6-500
1 - 100
6-500A
Temperature
pH
Enzyme Concentration
Substrate Concentration
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