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5/23/2017 INTRODUCTION BIOCHEMISTRY An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Biology Students 1 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 WHAT IS LIFE MADE OF? Everything is made up of atoms. Living things are made up of cells. Cells are made up of atoms. 2 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 ATOMS Six different elements (atoms) make up 98% of all living things: • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorous • Calcium 3 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 4 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 MOLECULES Definition: A molecule is two or more atoms combined. CO2 C6H12O6 C8H10N4O2 5 DR SEEMAL JELANI H2O 5/23/2017 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY What makes Carbon Special? Carbon atoms can bond together to form long chains and complex rings. 6 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 CARBON CAN FORM IMMENSELY DIVERSE COMPOUNDS, FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX. Complex Molecule Simple Molecule DNA with tens of Billions of Carbon atoms Methane with 1 Carbon atom 7 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 BIOMOLECULES 4 main molecules involved in life 1. 2. 3. 4. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids 8 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 POLYMERS AND MONOMERS Biomolecules are macromolecules. Macromolecules are Polymers made up of Monomers. 9 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 MONOMERS Monomer Monosaccharide (sugar) Macromolecule Carbohydrates Hydrocarbon chains Lipids Proteins Amino acids Nucleic acids Nucleotides 10 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 CARBOHYDRATES Made of: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms Job: provide living things with energy Examples: sugars and starches (corn, rice, potato, bread) 11 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 LIPIDS Made of: long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (with some oxygen). Job: store energy, repel water Examples: fats and oils (butter, cheese, oil) 12 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 SATURATED VS. UNSATURATED FAT 13 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 PROTEINS Made of: Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and other atoms Job: Many different jobs in our bodies Examples: Enzymes, muscles, hair 14 DR SEEMAL JELANI 5/23/2017 NUCLEIC ACIDS Made of: Phosphorous, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen atoms Job: Store genetic information Examples: DNA, RNA 15 DR SEEMAL JELANI
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