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Transcript 
Chemical Components of Cells
*Organic chemistry
*Carbon atoms
*Tetrahedral shape
Methane:
Ethane:
Ethylene:
Chemical Components of Cells
Variations in carbon skeletons (hydrocarbons):
Hydrocarbons in fats
*Isomers
OH
OH
OH
hydroquinone
catechol
OH
Chemical Components of Cells
*structural isomers
*geometric isomers
*enantiomers
Example of enantiomers:
Phosphate
Macromolecules
*macromolecule
*most macromolecules are polymers
polymer
monomer
The making and breaking of polymers:
Dehydration reaction:
Hydrolysis:
Macromolecules
*Synthesis of a polypeptide
*Proteins
Polypeptide
Protein
R groups:
Nonpolar
Polar
Acidic
Basic
Macromolecules
*Four levels of protein structure
Primary structure
Single amino acid changes can have very
serious consequences!
Macromolecules
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Macromolecules
Quaternary structure
How does this all happen?
Spontaneously
Chaperonins
Macromolecules
Two types of nucleic acids:
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Flow of information within a cell:
*nucleic acids = polymers of nucleotides
Macromolecules
Macromolecules
DNA Structure
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