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Proteins
Anna Sťahelová
Proteins are vital
• They form an important
component of muscles and
other tissues and vital body
fluids like blood.
• Proteins in the form of
enzymes and hormones are
concerned with a wide
range of vital metabolic
processes in the body.
• As antibodies, they help in defending the
body against infection.
• Thus they are vital to living process and
carry out a wide range of functions
essential for sustenance of life.
Proteins –
biological macromolekules
• Proteins are covalent polymers of amino acids.
• They are much more complicated than most
lipids, since different proteins differ not only in
the number of amino acids but also the
sequence.
Proteins are classified as :
• Simple proteins
e.g. albumin, globulin, fibrous proteins
• Conjugated proteins
e.g. nucleo-proteins, haemoglobin.
• Derived proteins
e.g. coagulated proteins, peptones,
peptide.
Digestion and Absorption
Site
Enzymes
Product
Absorption
Stomach
Pepsin
Polypeptide
-
Chymotrypsin
peptidase,
trypsin
Free amino
acids
Small
intestine
Absorbed in
small intestine
Functions
• Replaces daily loss of body proteins.
• Provides amino acids for growth of foetus in
pregnancy and for production of milk proteins
during lactation.
Provides –
Foetus –
opatřovat, zásobit,
zajišťovat
plod, zárodek
Pregnancy – těhotenství
• Provides amino-acids for the formation of
tissue proteins during growth, formation of
enzymes, blood proteins and certain
hormones of protein nature.
Protein content of foods
Foodstuff
Protein content
(g/ 100 g)
Cereals and millets
6 - 14
Pulses (legumes), dry
18 - 24
Millets –
Pulses –
Legumes –
proso
luštěniny
luskoviny, luštěniny
Foodstuff
Protein content
(g/ 100 g)
Oilseeds and nuts
(except coconut)
18 - 40
Meat, fish and liver
18 - 20
Eggs
14 – 15
Milk (fresh)
3.5 - 4.0
Milk, dried whole
26 - 28
Milk, dried, skimmed
33 - 38
Foodstuff
Protein content
(g/ 100 g)
Vegetables, fresh and leafy
1-4
Roots and tubers
1 - 1.5
Other vegetables
1-7
Leafy –
Roots –
Tubers -
listová
kořenová
hlíznatá
Protein Requirement
Group
Man
Woman
Particulars
Sedentary work
Moderate work
Heavy work
Sedentary work
Moderate work
Heavy work
Proteins
(g)
60
50
Group
Infants
Particulars
Proteins
(g)
Pregnancy (0-6 months)
65
Lactation ( 0-6 months)
75
Lactation ( 6-12 months)
68
0-6 months
2.3 - 1.8
7-12 months
1.8 - 1.1
Group
Children
Particulars
Proteins
(g)
1 year
7
2 years
18
3 years
20
4-6 years
22
7-9 years
33
10-12 Years
55
Group
Adolescents
Particulars
Proteins
(g)
13-15 years (Boys)
70
13-15 years (Girls)
65
16-18 years (Boys)
78
16-18 years (Girls)
63
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