Download Macromolecules

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The element Carbon is found in most living
organisms.
The study of carbon based molecules is known
as Organic Chemistry.
Other key elements in cells are:
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous,
and Sulfur
CHNOPS
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Polymer or macromolecule: Large unit made of
many smaller units called monomers.
Monomer: A single unit, many monomers put
together make a polymer.
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Proteins
 Nucleic
Acids
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Contain the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
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Monomer for carbohydrates is glucose
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Simple sugars used as quick energy
 Sometimes just a hexagon is drawn to represent a
monosaccharide
Uses for carbohydrates:
• Energy Source
• Simple sugars such as glucose are forms of “quick energy”
• Energy Storage
• In plants the carbohydrate cellulose provides structure
• Chitin a carbohydrate that forms the hard shell in lobsters,
shrimp, and some insects
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Composed mainly of Carbon and Hydrogen,
some Oxygen
Long Chains of Carbon called fatty acids
There is no monomer for Lipids
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Functions
Source of energy
Wax coating on plant leaves
Beeswax makes the honeycomb in a beehive
Phospholipids- responsible for the structure and
function of the cell membrane.
Lipids are hydrophobic meaning they don’t like
water. (example: oil and water)
Steroids are also in the lipid group
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Composed mainly of Carbon, Nitrogen,
Oxygen, Hydrogen, and sometimes Sulfur.
Monomer for protein is an amino acid.
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There are 20 different amino acids
The R group is what gives each amino acid it’s
unique property
The different arrangement of amino acids give
us the many different proteins.
Amino Acids are joined together by peptide
bonds. The peptide bond is formed between
the amino group of one amino acid and the
carboxyl group of another.
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Primary Structure is the arrangement of the
amino acids.
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Proteins make up about 15% of your body
weight.
They have many functions:
Provide Structure
Transport substances in the cell
Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes)
Muscles, skin, and hair are all made of protein.
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Monomer is called a nucleotide.
Nucleotides are composed of Carbon,
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, and
Hydrogen
Two Types of Nucleic Acids:
DNA
RNA
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Store and transmit genetic information
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A single unit used to build larger units would
be a:
A. polymer
B. Monomer
C. Macromolecule
D. Nucleic Acid
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Which type of macromolecule is used for quick
energy?
Simple carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Which type of macromolecule is used for long
term energy storage?
a. Simple carbohydrates
b. Complex carbohydrates
c.
Lipids
d. Nucleic Acids
e. Proteins
Which macromolecule is used for the storage of
genetic information?
a. Simple carbohydrates
b. Complex carbohydrates
c.
Lipids
d. Nucleic Acids
e. Proteins
Which macromolecule is used for building
muscle?
a. Simple carbohydrates
b. Complex carbohydrates
c.
Lipids
d. Nucleic Acids
e. Proteins
Nucleotides are the monomers for which
polymer?
a. Protein
b. Carbohydrate
c.
Lipids
d. Nucleic acids
Amino acids are the monomer for which
macromolecule?
a. Protein
b. Nucleic acids
c.
Lipids
d. carbohydrates