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The Human Circulatory System Heart Major Veins and Arteries Blood Vessels HEART Arteries Veins Arterioles Venules Capillaries Blood Vessels • Arteries – Elastic, muscular walls – Keep blood under pressure – Nerve signals can make arteries constrict or dilate • Veins – Thinner, less elastic, less muscle than arteries – Lower pressure than arteries – Valves and gravity aid flow back to the heart • Capillaries – One cell thick – Where transfer of gases and nutrients takes place Blood • Plasma (55% of whole blood) – Water with dissolved substances • Proteins, sugars, amino acids, salts, hormones – Variations in concentration • Metabolic imbalances • Kidney problems • Cells (45% of whole blood) – Erythrocytes (red blood cells) • Hemoglobin carries oxygen – Leukocytes (white blood cells) • fight infection – Platelets • Responsible of clot formation (coagulation)
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