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SEMESTER I EXAM
Review A 2011
SHELDON BIOLOGY
Match Parts of Scientific Method
• Problem Statement
• If and then…
• Hypothesis
• Agree or disagree
with hypothesis
• Experiment
• Data tables, graphs
• Conclusion
• What is the effect
of…?
Match Parts of Scientific Method
• Problem Statement
• If and then…
• Hypothesis
• Agree or disagree
with hypothesis
• Experiment
• Data tables, graphs
• Conclusion
• What is the effect
of…?
Identify the variables?
Which is the
independent
variable?
Which is the
dependent variable?
Identify the variables?
Which is the
independent
variable? (x-AXIS)
temperature
Which is the
dependent variable?
(y-AXIS)
Log. Generations per
hour
Which is a HYPOTHESIS and
which is a THEORY.
• If you put cold water
in a fish tank, then the
fish will slow down.
• Hypothesis
• All cells come from
pre-existing cells.
• Theory
Which is “spontaneous generation”
and which is from the “cell theory?”
• The basic unit of life
is a cell
• Cell theory
• All cells come from
pre-existing cells.
• Cell theory
• Life comes from
rotten meat (non-life).
• Spontaneous
generation
Which part of the experiment…
• Does not contain the tested variable (but is
used as a comparison)?
• A. control
• B. constant
• C. independent variable
• D. dependent variable?
• ANSWER: control
Put in the correct order:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Community
Population
Organelle
Organ System
Organism
Organ
tissue
Ecosystem
Molecule
cell
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ecosystem
Community
Population
organism
Organ system
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecule
Where would you dipose of waste
chemicals in the lab?
• Sink
• Chemical waste jar
• Trash can
• ANSWER: chemical waste jar
Which goes with ASEXUAL and
which goes with SEXUAL
reproduction?
• One parent
• ASEXUAL
• Two parents
• SEXUAL
• Exactly like parent
• ASEXUAL
• May be different
• SEXUAL
HOW MANY VARIABLES DO YOU
TEST AT A TIME IN AN
EXPERIMENT?
•
•
•
•
One
Two
Three
As many as you want
• ANSWER: ONE
Which is HOMEOSTASIS and
which is METABOLISM?
• Sum of all the
chemical reactions in
an organism
• METABOLISM
• An organism
maintains a stable
internal environment
even when the
external environment
is not
• HOMEOSTASIS
•
•
•
•
•
Which is the correctly written
scientific name for the Great
Horned Owl?
A. Bubo virginianus (italic.)
B. Bubo virginianus (no italic.)
C. Bubo Virginianus (both capital.)
D. Bubo Virginianus (underlined + italic.)
E. Bubo virginianus (only underlined)
• ANSWER: A and E
• Note: genus and species
Which are constants, which are
controls?
• Same beaker in each
trial
• Set-up of room
temperature as
compared to hot and
cold
• Same crickets for
each trial
• Constant
• Control
• constant
Which are ATOMS (smallest unit of
elements) and which are CELLS
(smallest living unit)?
• Amoeba
• CELL
• Carbon
• ATOM
• Hydrogen
• ATOM
• blood
• CELL
Which is an INFERENCE and
which is an OBSERVATION?
• The penguin is black and
white
• Observation (senses or
measuring)
• The penguin acts like a duck
• Inference (own opinion,
experiences)
• The penguin is cute
• Inference
• The penguin is eating fish.
• Observation
What is the correct way to…
• Detect an odor in the
lab?
• Wafting
• Care for acid in eyes
• Rinse in eye wash
station
• Dispose of broken
test tube after the
lab?
• In the designated
broken glass
container – Boo Yah
The energy used by most
organisms for metabolism and
growth ULTIMATELY comes from:
•
•
•
•
A. heat
B. decomposition of plants
C. carbon dioxide
D. sun
• ANSWER: D. sun
What would each tool be used for?
• Hold test tube
• Protect eyes
• Hold beaker
How many p, n, and e-?
• 19
• F
• 9
mass number (p + n)
atomic number (p) (also e-)
• ANSWER: 9 p, 9 e-, 10 n
• p+ and e- = at. no.
• #n = mass no. – at. no.
• Prokaryotic – no nucleus
• bacteria
• Eukaryotic – has a nucleus
• protists, fungi, plants, animals
•
•
•
•
Atoms with different number of
neutrons from its neutral atom (as
seen on Periodic Table) is:
An ion
An isotope
A bond
A molecule
• ANSWER: an isotope
Water has unequal sharing of
electrons. It is…
•
•
•
•
A. nonpolar ionic
B. nonpolar covalent
C. polar ionic
D. polar covalent
• ANSWER: D
Interpret the graph
Independent
variable
Dependent
variable
Which sugar
induces more
bacterial growth?
Interpret the graph
Independent variable – Time
(hours)
Dependent variable –log
number of viable
bacterial/mL
Which sugar induces more
bacterial growth? Glucose
only
In a salt water solution, identify the
solute, the solvent, and the
solution:
• Solute = salt (is being dissolved)
• Solvent = water
• (does the dissolving)
• Solution = solvent + solute
Which shows the correct bonding
ability of carbon?
Which shows the correct bonding
ability of carbon?
Carbon has 4 electrons in its
outermost shell…so it can bond to
four more to have a filled shell.
Atoms with different number of
electrons from its neutral atom is:
•
•
•
•
An ion
An isotope
A bond
A molecule
• ANSWER: an ion (charged atom, lost or
gained electrons)
Ice floats because…
• A. it is colder than liquid water
• B. its water molecules are farther apart due to Hbonding (under 4oC)
• C. it is denser than liquid water
• D. its molecules are moving faster
• ANSWER: B
• H-bonding = H+ end attracts
• O- end
Fill in the blanks:
• In an ionic bond the electrons are
_______________ and in a covalent bond
the electrons are_______.
• ANSWER: transferred (lost/gained)
•
shared
Describe water’s property
• Surface tension
• High
• Heat of fusion
• High
• Capillarity
• Rises in narrow
tubes
What is the element?
• Na
• Sodium
• C
• Carbon
• O
• Oxygen
• H
• hydrogen
An atom is stable when…
• A. number of electrons = number of
protons
• B. outer electron shells are full
• C. number of neutrons = number of
protons
• ANSWER: B
What is the charge of each?
• Electron
• Negative
• Proton
• Positive
• neutron
• neutral
Which tool is the most precise for
measuring water?
Which tool is the most precise for
measuring water?(graduated
cylinder)
Fill in the blanks
• In an acid the ___________ions are
donated to the water solution, but in a
base the __________ions are donated to
the water solution:
• ANSWER: H+
•
hydronium
OHhydroxide
MATCH THE TYPE OF CARBO:
monosaccharide, disaccharide,
polysaccharide
• Glucose C6H12O6
• Monosaccharide
• Glycogen (lots of
glucoses-animals)
• Polysaccharide
• Sucrose C12H22O11
• Starch (lots of glucosesplants)
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide
Match the pH
• pH 1
• Weak acid
• pH 6
• Neutral
• pH 14
• Weak base
• pH 7
• Strong base
• pH 8
• Strong acid
Match the pH
• pH 1
• Weak acid
• pH 6
• Neutral
• pH 14
• Weak base
• pH 7
• Strong base
• pH 8
• Strong acid
Which is correct?
• A substance that cannot be broken
down into other substances by
ordinary chemical means is:
A. molecule
• B. buffer
• C. element
• D. cell
• E. compound
• ANSWER: element
Which is an saturated, a
monounsaturated, or a
polyunsaturated fat?
• A.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH
=CHOOH
• B. CH3CH2CH2COOH
• C.
• A.
polyunsat
(more than 1
=)
• B. satur.
(no =)
• C.
monounsat
(one =)
What fat is this the structure for?
What fat is this the structure for?
• Steroid (4 fused rings)
Which is an element and which is a
compound?
•
•
•
•
C
CO
Cu
CH4
• ANSWER: element C and Cu
•
compound CO and CH4
Which is a symbol and which is a
formula?
•
•
•
•
C
CO
Cu
CH4
• ANSWER: symbol (abrev. for element) C and
Cu
•
formula (abrev. For compound)
CO and
CH4
Which should you not do to heated
test tubes? (may be more than
one)
•
•
•
•
•
1. Heat
2. Heat with a cork
3. Throw away if chipped
4. Point toward you
5. Hold with a test tube clamp if hot
• ANSWER: 2 and 4
Why do atoms join other atoms to
form compounds?
• A. to make even number of electrons
• B. to fill their outer electron shells
• C. to become neutral
• ANSWER: B
• Fill 2,8,8
Which is NOT a lipid?
•
•
•
•
•
A. wax
B. phospholipid
C. cholesterol
D. RNA
E. steroid
• ANSWER: D
Which are ions?
•
•
•
•
•
Cl
ClH2
OHH+
• ANSWER: Ions are Cl- ,OH-, H+
•
Lost or gained electrons
Identify the bond:
• A. -
• A. single
• B. Ξ
• B. triple
• C. =
• C. double
Which subatomic particle…
• Lacks a charge
• Is in the nucleus?
• A. proton
• B. electron
• C. neutron
• ANSWER: neutron
• Protons (+) Electrons (-)
Which water property is it?
• A. climb narrow tubes
• 1. heat of fusion
• B. form a film on
water surface
• 2. heat of
vaporization
• C. slow to heat
• 3. capillarity
• D. slow to freeze
• 4. surface tension
Which water property is it?
• A. climb narrow tubes
• 1. heat of fusion
• B. form a film on
water surface
• 2. heat of
vaporization
• C. slow to heat
• 3. capillarity
• D. slow to freeze
• 4. surface tension
What is the difference between
stable and neutral for atoms?
• STABLE
• NEUTRAL
• Outer electron
shells are full
• Number of protons
equal the number
of electrons
Which is cohesion and which is
adhesion?
• A. sticking to like substances
• B. sticking to unlike substances
• ANSWER: “A” is cohesion
•
“B” is adhesion
Which is a mixture and which is a
compound?
•
•
•
•
•
Salt water
Glucose
Water
Air
Blood
•
•
•
•
•
Mixture
Compound C6H12O6
H2O compound
Mixture
mixture
Identify the monomer:
• POLYMERS
(macromolecules)
• Carbohydrate
• MONOMERS
• Protein
• Amino Acid
• Lipid
• Fatty acid + glycerol
• Nucleic Acid
• nucleotide
• Monosaccharide
What two ions does water
dissociate (break) into?
•
•
•
•
H- and O+
H and OH
H+ and OHH2 and O2
• ANSWER: H+ and OH•
(acids) (bases)
An atom is stable when:
•
•
•
•
A. It’s protons equal its neutrons
B. It’s electrons equal its protons
C. It’s outer electron shell is filled.
D. It’s outer electron shell is empty.
• ANSWER: C
• (e- fill 2,8,8)
Match the functional groups:
• - NH2
• Carbonyl
• -COOH
• Carboxyl
• -C=O
• Amino
• -OH
• hydroxyl
Match the functional groups:
(now in correct order)
• - NH2
• Amino
• -COOH
• Carboxyl
• -C=O
• Carbonyl
• -OH
• hydroxyl
What part of atoms form bonds?
• Electrons
• Protons
• Neutrons
• ANSWER: electrons
If you had an atomic number of…
• 12, how many electrons would be in the
outer shell?
•
•
•
•
2
8
4
6
ANSWER: 2
(fills 2, 8, 2)
Polar Covalent means:
• A. electrons are shared equally
• B. electrons are not shared equally
• ANSWER: electrons are not shared
equally
• Like water (H+ end and O- end)
A carbon atom can form:
•
•
•
•
A. Two covalent bonds
B. Three covalent bonds
C. Four covalent bonds
D. Five covalent bonds
• ANSWER: C
What are other names for proteins?
•
•
•
•
•
Polypeptide
Amino acid chain
Fatty acid
Polyunsaturate
Polysaccharide
• ANSWER: polypeptide,
• amino acid chain
What are the four bases of nucleic
acids?
•
•
•
•
1. A-C-O-T
2. A-T-C-G
3. C-G-O-H
4. T-O-G-C
• ANSWER: A-T-C-G
What are the reactants and what
are the products?
What are the reactant and what are
the products?
Identify the substrate, the active
site, and the product.
A
B
C
Identify the substrate, the active
site, and the product.
Substrate = what the enzyme acts upon
(lactase)
Active site=where the enzyme + substrate
(lactose) meet
Enzymes end in:
•
•
•
•
A. -ase
B. -ose
C. -ise
D. –ese
• ANSWER: -ase
All organic compounds contain:
•
•
•
•
A. C and O and N
B. C and Ca and S
C. O and P
D. C and H and O
• ANSWER: D
How strong are H-bonds?
• A. weak
• B. medium
• C. strong
• ANSWER: weak
Which are enzymes?
•
•
•
•
A. proteins
B. fats
C. nucleic acids
D. carbohydrates
• ANSWER: A. proteins
Which are enzymes? (pick 2)
•
•
•
•
•
A. phospholipid membranes
B. Energy sources
C. biological catalysts (speed up reactions)
D. storage molecules
E. proteins
• ANSWER: biological catalysts
•
proteins
What would an enzyme lactase
work on?
•
•
•
•
LACTOSE
GALACTOSE
SUCROSE
LIPOSE
• ANSWER: lactose
Which is a saturated fat?
• A.
• B.
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COO
H
• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH
Which is a saturated fat?
• A.
• B.
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COO
H
• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH
What’s it called?
• Removing water to link monomers for
form a polymer:
• A. dehydration synthesis
• B. hydrolysis
• C. chemiosmosis
• ANSWER: A
• Hydrolysis adds water to split polymers
Matching:
•
•
•
•
1. glycogen
2. cellulose
3. glucose
4. starch
• A. a polysaccharide in
plant cells cell walls
• B. The storage form of
glucose in plants
• C. The storage form of
glucose in animals
• D. simple sugar
Matching:
•
•
•
•
1. glycogen C
2. cellulose A
3. glucose D
4. starch B
• A. a polysaccharide in
plant cell walls
• B. The storage form
of glucose in plants
• C. The storage form
of glucose in animals
• D. simple sugar
Matching:
• Monomers
• Polymers
• 1. fatty acids +
glycerol
• 2. monosaccharide
• 3. nucleotide
• 4. amino acid
•
•
•
•
A. protein
B. lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. carbohydrates
Matching:
• Monomers
• Polymers
• 1. fatty acids +
glycerol B
• 2. monosaccharide
D
• 3. nucleotide C
• 4. amino acid A
•
•
•
•
A. protein
B. lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. carbohydrates
Which one does not belong with
the other three terms?
•
•
•
•
A. protein
B. polypeptide
C. lipid
D. amino acid chain
• ANSWER: C
Which test is this?
• Food sample turned blue-black in the
presence of iodine?
A. for protein
• B. for starch
• C. for lipids
• D. for simple sugars
• ANSWER: B
MACROMOLECULE TESTS
•
•
•
•
A. for protein (Biuret’s blue to purple)
B. for starch (iodine turns blue-black)
C. for lipids (paper translucent to light)
D. for simple sugars (Benedict’s blue to
orange)
What is the most abundant organic
compound on earth?
• (It is also in cell walls of plants.)
•
•
•
•
A. glucose
B. chitin
C. peptidoglycan
D. cellulose
• ANSWER: D (cellulose is in cell walls of
plants)
What is another name for a “fat?”
•
•
•
•
A. triglyceride
B. protein
C. nucleic acid
D. polysaccharide
• ANSWER: A (3 fatty acids + glycerol)
Metric to Metric Conversion
• Km hm dkm m dm cm mm µm nm Å
3 3 1
So…looking on the microscope if your field
of view was 4 mm, how many µm is that?
Metric to Metric Conversion
• Km hm dkm m dm cm mm µm nm Å
3 3 1
mm = ______µm
So…looking on the microscope if your field
of view was 4 mm, how many µm is that?
ANSWER: 4000 µm (micrometers)
Multiply by 1000 (decimal 3 to right)
What is the ability to tell two objects
apart in a microscope?
•
•
•
•
A. resolving power
B. magnification
C.parfocal
D. scanning
• ANSWER: A
Which microscope(s) can view
organisms up to 1,000,000 times?
• A. CLM
• B. SEM
• C. TEM
• ANSWER: both SEM and TEM
What do eukaryotic cells have that
prokaryotic cells do not?
•
•
•
•
A. plasma membrane
B. nucleus
C. cell wall
D. flagellum
• ANSWER: B
NOTE!
• Mrs. Sheldon’s Students do
not need to go farther than this
power point for Semester I
Exam 2011. You do need to
go to the second power point.
What structures can be found in
plant cells but not in animal cells?
•
•
•
•
A. centrioles and cilia
B. chloroplasts and flagella
C. capsule and cell wall
D. cell wall and chloroplasts
• ANSWER: D
What structures can be found in
animal cells but not in plant cells?
•
•
•
•
A. centrioles and cilia
B. chloroplasts and flagella
C. capsule and cell wall
D. cell wall and chloroplasts
• ANSWER: A
Put in order from smallest to
largest:
• Mitochondrion
vesicle
ribosome nucleus
• ANSWER: (smallest) ribosome
Vesicle
Mitochondrion
Nucleus (largest)
Microtubules and microfilaments
are both part of a cell’s…
•
•
•
•
A. nucleus
B. cytoskeleton
C. endomembrane
D. endoplasmic reticulum
• ANSWER: B
What is the job of centrioles?
•
•
•
•
A. protect the cell
B. cell movement
C. cell division
D. DNA
• C. cell division
Which organelle repackages
proteins?
•
•
•
•
A. mitochondrion
B. chloroplast
C. Golgi apparatus
D. lysosome
• ANSWER: C
Where are ribosomes assembled?
•
•
•
•
A. nucleolus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. mitochondrion
D. lysosomes
• ANSWER: A
What are loose, long fibers of
DNA?
•
•
•
•
A. ER
B. chromosomes
C. nucleolus
D. chromatin
• ANSWER: D
Rough and Smooth ER
• What’s the difference? (structure and
function)
• ANSWER: Rough (has ribosomes,
assembles proteins) and Smooth (has
no ribosomes and assembles lipids)
What is the general term for…
• Microtubules and microfilaments?
•
•
•
•
A. cytoskeleton
B. plasma membrane
C. flagella and cilia
D. lysosomes
• ANSWER: A
Name the Organelles
Name the Organelles
Which is the plant cell?
Which is the plant cell?
Which organelle?
• 1. Stores food or
water
• 2. Modifies proteins
• 3. Called the “cleanup” crew
• 4. Is the site of the
genetic material
• 5. Is the
“powerhouse”
• 1. VACUOLE
• 2. GOLGI
APPARATUS
• 3. LYSOSOME
• 4. NUCLEUS
• 5. MITOCHONDRION
Which organelle?
• 1. Is the site of
photosynthesis?
• 2. Is the support
framework?
• 3. Controls what
goes in and out of
the cell?
• 4. Carries materials
from the ER to the
Golgi.
• 1. chloroplast
• 2. cytoskeleton
• 3. plasma membrane
• 4. Vesicle
How big is one cell’s length?
•
•
•
•
A. 1 mm
B. 0.5 mm
C. 2 mm
D. 0.05 mm
• ANSWER: 0.5 mm
In which cells would you find these
organelles?
• A. mitochondrion
• Plant and animal
• B. ribosomes
• All cells (plant,
animal and
prokaryote)
In what type of cells would you find
cell walls?
• A. plant
• B. animal
• C. bacteria
• ANSWER: A and C
Which organelle is the chloroplast
and which is the mitochondrion?
• (answer next slide)
Which organelle is the chloroplast
and which is the mitochondrion?
Who first coined the word “cells?”
•
•
•
•
Pasteur
Leeuwenhoek
Hooke
Virchow
• ANSWER: Hooke
Who is given credit for the first
microscope?
•
•
•
•
Pasteur
Leeuwenhoek
Hooke
Virchow
• ANSWER: Leeuwenhoek
Why would the cell membrane also
be called the Fluid Mosaic Model?
Fluid Mosaic Model
• Parts of the membrane shift back and forth
• There are parts (protein channels and
carbohydrate chains) embedded in it.
Locate: hydrophobic layer
hydrophilic layer
carbohydrate chain
protein channel
ANSWERS:
hydrophobic
Carbohydrate
chain
Hydrophilic
Protein
channel
In which direction will the water
flow?
In which direction will the water
flow?
From hypotonic to hypertonic solution
In equilibrium it means there is…
• A. No net movement of molecules across
a membrane.
• B. No movement of molecules across a
membrane.
• C. more movement of molecules across a
membrane.
• ANSWER: A
O=osmosis D=diffusion
N=neither B=both
• Hi to lo concentration
• Through a selectively
permeable membrane
• Flow of water
• Flow of gases
• Down the gradient
• Against the gradient
• Both
• O
•
•
•
•
O
D
B
N
Identify Isotonic, hypotonic,
hypertonic
Identify Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
solutions outside the cell.
HYPOTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPERTONIC
What type of passive transport
through a cell is using a protein?
•
•
•
•
A. active
B. phagocytosis
C. diffusion
D. facilitated diffusion
• ANSWER: D
Matching: CHOICES
• 1. engulfing small
pockets of liquid
• 2. material leaving the
cell
• 3. engulfing large
particles
• 4. general term form
engulfing particles
into the cell
• Endocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Exocytosis
• Phagocytosis
Matching:
• 1. engulfing small
pockets of liquid
• 2. material leaving the
cell
• 3. engulfing large
particles
• 4. general term form
engulfing particles
into the cell
• Pinocytosis
• Exocytosis
• Phagocytosis
• Endocytosis
How is active transport different
from passive transport?
•
•
•
•
•
A. uses a protein
B. uses energy
C. uses a membrane
D. is down the gradient
E. Moves against the gradient
• ANSWER: B and E
Identify as U=unicellular or
M=multicellular
•
•
•
•
•
•
Amoeba
Human
Bacteria
Paramecium
Worm
tree
•
•
•
•
•
•
U
M
U
U
M
M
What do bacteria have that protists
do not?
•
•
•
•
A. cell wall
B. nucleus
C. capsule
D. chloroplasts
• ANSWER: C