Download Chapter 8, Sections 1 & 2 Pages 292-323

Chapter 8
Pages 292-323
Polymers, Composites
and Carbon
Carbon Atoms and Bonding
• Carbon has the unique ability to combine in
many ways with itself and other elements,
giving Carbon a central role in the Chemistry of
living organisms.
• Figures 1-3, pg.’s 292-293
• Diamond: A crystalline
Forms of Pure form of Carbon in which
each Carbon atom is
Carbon
strongly bonded to 4
other Carbon atoms,
resulting in an extremely
hard and nonreactive
solid.
• Graphite: Each Carbon
atom is bonded to 3 other
Carbon atoms in flat
layers, but the bonds
between atoms in
different layers are very
weak causing the layers
to slide past one another
easily.
• Figure 4, pg. 294
• Fullerene: Carbon
atoms arranged in the
shape of a hollow
sphere.
• Nanotube: Carbon
atoms arranged in the
shape of a long, hollow
cylinder-like a sheet of
Graphite rolled into a
tube.
• Figure 4, pg. 295
• ***Draw!!***
• YouTube - Ripples &
Interference in Large
Graphene Sheet
Forms of Pure
Carbon
(cont.)
Hydrocarbons
• ***Draw!!***
• A hydrocarbon is a
compound that contains
only the elements Hydrogen
and Carbon. (fig. 7, pg. 298)
• They can differ in the
number of Hydrogen and
Carbon in each molecule
and the Carbon chains in a
hydrocarbon may be
straight, branched or ringshaped.
– Scientists use a
Structural Formula for
hydrocarbons to show the
kind, number, and
arrangement of atoms in a
molecule. (fig. 8, pg. 299)
Polymers and Isomers
• Polymer: A very large
molecule made up of many
smaller molecules bonded
together. The smaller
molecules that make up the
polymer are called
monomers. (fig. 14, pg.
304)
• Isomers: Compounds that
have the same chemical
formula but different
structural formulas. (fig. 9,
pg. 300)
• ***DRAW!!!***
Forming Polymers
• Polymers form when chemical bonds link large
numbers of monomers in a repeating pattern.
• Figures 16-18, pg.’s 307-309.
• Natural Polymers:
• Proteins are formed from smaller molecules
called amino acids.
• Synthetic Polymers:
• Plastics are made from simpler materials such
as oil or coal.
Composites
• Composite: Combines two or more
substances in a new material with different
properties.
• Many composites include one or more
polymers.
– Fiberglass is glass strands held together by
plastic.
– Figures 19 & 20, pg.’s 312-313
Carbohydrates
• An energy rich organic compound made of the
elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (fig.’s
21-22, pg.’s 317-318)
• Simple Carbohydrates:
– Glucose: One of the most important sugars in
your body. The Chemical formula is C6H12O6
• Complex Carbohydrates: A polymer made
of smaller molecules that are simple
carbohydrates bonded to one another.
–Starch: A stored plant energy; found in potatoes,
pasta and rice.
–Cellulose: Used by plants to make strong stems
and roots.
Nucleic
• Very large organic
Acids molecules made up of
carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen and
phosphorus. ( fig.’s 23-26,
pg.’s 319-321)
– DNA: deoxyribonucleic
acid
• When living things
reproduce, they pass
DNA and the information
it carries to the next
generation.
– RNA: ribonucleic acid
•Nucleotides: The
building blocks of nucleic
acids.
***DRAW!!***