Download NUTRITION You are what you eat!

NUTRITION
You are what you eat!
Nutrition
All body processes related
to food: growth,
development and health
Good and Bad
• Optimum
function
• Feel good
• Look good
• More
successful
•
•
•
•
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Osteoporosis
Malnutrition
Seven Basic
Components
•
•
•
•
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats (Lipids)
Water
• Fiber
• Vitamins
• Minerals
Calories
• Protein: 1 gram = 4 calories
• Carbohydrate: 1 gram = 4
calories
• Fat: 1 gram = 9 calories
Proteins: 20%
• Build & repair
cells & tissues
• Made from
amino acids
• 20 necessary,
9 essential
(complete)
Proteins
• Amino Acids
• Provide long(22) – 9 essential
term energy: 4
calories per gm • Complete: animal
sources
• Basic body
• Incomplete:
components
vegetable sources
Carbohydrates: 50-60%
• 2/3 of daily
energy needs
• Simple: sugars
• Complex:
grains, fruits,
etc.
Carbohydrates
• Major source of
energy – 4
calories per gm
• Found in cheaper
food sources
• Provide fiber
Fat: 30%
• Concentrated
energy
• Transport Vit
A,D,E,K
• Saturated – solid
• Unsaturated liquid
Fats/Lipids
• Concentrated
energy – 9
calories per gm
• Fat soluble
vitamins: a,d,e,k
• Flavor source
• Saturated: hard
– bad
• Unsaturated:
soft - good
HDL vs LDL
• Lipoproteins that carry cholesterol and
triglycerides in the blood
• HDL – good: clean arteries by taking
lipids to liver for elimination
• LDL – bad: primary risk factor for
heart attack (clog arteries)
Vitamins
• Needed for
essential
functions
• Water soluble
• Fat soluble
Minerals
• Regulate body
fluids
• Growth
• Build tissues
Water
• No calories
• 65% of body
• Needed for fluid
balance, as
solvent, to aid
digestion, &
remove waste
Water
• Essential for
digestion
• Plasma
• 6 – 8 glasses
• Reabsorption
Water Problems
• Dehydration – severe loss of water
(fever, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Edema – severe retention of water
(kidney disease, heart failure)
• Pitting edema – leaves indentation
on body part (1 – 4 plus)
Food Pyramid
• Visual picture
• Food groups
• Number of
servings from
each
Modified Diets
• Allergies: Common allergens are
wheat, milk, eggs & chocolate.
• Anemia: Need iron. Found in liver,
egg yolks, dark green veges, beans,
fortified foods.
Modified Diets
• Cancer: Need calories & vitamins A,
C, D & E.
• Diabetes: Modifies blood sugar levels.
Food exchanges divided into 6 areas.
• Heart disease: Lower cholesterol,
triglycerides and calories.
Processes
• Digestion – change food physically
• Absorption – move from digestive
to circulatory systems
• Metabolism – change food to
energy in cells