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Introduction to Forensic Science and Crime Scene Processing Forensic Science Disciplines • Chemistry (Physical sciences) • Drugs • Trace Evidence • Toxicology • Biology • DNA • Serology • Identification (Criminalistics) • • • • Fingerprints Firearms/Toolmarks Footwear/Tire Tracks Questioned Documents Drug Chemistry • Drug A natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or animals • Controlled substance The sale and distribution is tightly controlled • Controlled Substances Act (Sched. I-V) Trace Evidence – Found in small but measurable amounts • • • • Soil analysis Paint analysis Fiber analysis Glass analysis Forensic Toxicology • Study of “poisons” • Drugs in blood and urine • Blood and breath alcohol Forensic Biology • Forensic Serology • Forensic Characterization of Semen • DNA (CODIS) Criminalistics • • • • • • Latent Prints Toolmarks Firearms Footwear Impressions Tire Tracks Questioned Documents Basic Principles • Forensic Science: “it is the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system” • Physical Evidence: “any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can provide a link between a crime and its victim or between a crime and its perpetrator”