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DRUG DOSAGE
FORMS
Dr.Abdul Latif Mahesar
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
(DRUG
PREPARATIONS)
- Tablets , Capsules, Powder
- Syrups, suspensions , Elixer
- Aqueous suspension, Emulsion
- Ointment , Lotion, cream
- Suppository, pessary
- Aerosols
- Injections
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS cot’d
Tablet:
► Powdered drug(s) compressed into a disc
,
Capsule:
► Soluble small hollow container,
usually made of ------- gelatin /glycerin
used to enclose drug in
powder, granule or liquid form.
► May be used to conceal a ----- bitter taste
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS cont’d
Tablets & Capsule:
Enteric coated tablet / Capsules:
► coated with a substance that will not
dissolve until it reaches the small
intestine
► for drugs that are irritating to stomach
or to avoid any other adverse effects in
stomach
e.g. Ibuprofen
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Tablets & Capsule:
Sustained-release tablet / Capsule:
for continuous release of small doses of
the drug over an extended time period to
duration of action
dosing frequency
compliance
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG
PREPARATIONS)
Powder:
very fine particles of drug(s) for
internal or external use
Effervescent powder / tablet:
► Drug mixed with sodium bicarbonate or
citric acid.
► When mixed with liquid, release carbon
dioxide,
causing effervescence (BUBBLING)
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG
PREPARATIONS)
Aqueous solutions:
Drug(s) DISSOLVE in ----WATER or NORMAL SALINE
Alcoholic solutions:
Drug(s) DISSOLVE in ALCOHOL
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Aqueous solutions:
e.g. Enemas ----- administered rectally -for --- local -- or--systemic effect
Gargles
Mouth washes
Nasal solutions
Otic solutions
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG
PREPARATIONS)
Aqueous solutions:
Syrup:
aqueous solution saturated with
SUGAR
usually contain a flavoring agent that
assists in
disguising the taste of the drug
mixed
in syrup
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Alcoholic solutions:
Spirit or essence:
Volatile drug dissolved in alcohol.
Elixir:
Spirit that has been sweetened
and/or flavored.
Tincture:
Solution made by extracting from
the CRUDE (plant or vegetable) source those
constituents of a drug that are soluble in
alcohol.
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Aqueous suspension:
Finely divided SOLID PARTICLES
(POWDERS)
of a drug suspended in a FLUID.
They are NOT DISSOLVED in the
fluid.
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG
PREPARATIONS)
Emulsion:
A preparation of one LIQUID distributed
in
small globules throughout the body
of a
second LIQUID
The dispersed liquid is the discontinuous
phase, &
the dispersion medium is the continuous
phase.
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG
PREPARATIONS)
Emulsion:
Oil-in-water emulsion
Oil --- is the --- dispersed liquid &
aqueous solution -- is the -continuous phase.
Water -in-oil emulsion
Aqueous solution -- is the –
dispersed phase &
oil --- is the ---- continuous phase.
Ointment
Drug or mixture of drugs added to a
semisolid base,
such as petroleum jelly or lanolin.
Some ointments contain a water soluble
base. For local effects
skin
eye
- systemic effect
transdermal application
(e.g., nitroglycerine)
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Lotion:
Liquid medicinal suspension applied
externally.
Various lotions are designed for
protection, lubrication, cleansing, cooling,
or antipruritic effects.
Cream:
emulsions that contain an aqueous
base
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Suppository:
► Drug mixed with a fatty base and molded
into shapes suitable for insertion
into the
rectum,
vagina, or
urethra.
► A urethral suppository is called a ---bougie.
► A vaginal suppository is called a ----pessary.
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Aerosols:
Aerosols are particles dispersed in a gas,
the particles being small enough to remain
in suspension for a long time instead of
sedimenting rapidly under the influence of
gravity; the particles may be liquid (fog) or
solid (smoke)
COMPOSITION OF TABLET
Active ingredient + other substances
Diluent:
Binder:
Lubricant:
Disintegrator:
Coloring agent:
Flavoring agent: