Download The Problem with Drugs

Chapter 7 - Drugs
Drugs and Crime
• Drug – natural or
synthetic, affects
humans
psychologically or
physiologically
• When taken for
pleasure, they are
known as “drugs of
abuse” or “illicit drugs”
Controlled
Substances Act
• All drugs covered by
law are “controlled”
The Problem with
Drugs
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Dependency
Theft
Violence
Robberies
Domestic disputes
Health problems
Loss of productivity
Interesting Facts
• Drug use costs society about
$110 billion a year
• 75% male adults arrested in
NY City for violent crimes
tested positive for drugs
• 64% in Albuquerque and
Fort Lauderdale
• ¼ to ½ of all domestic
violence is drug related
• 81% of child neglect cases
were associated with drugs
• 3.2 % (80,000) of pregnant
women are drug users
Drugs in the
Crime Lab
• 75% of evidence
examined is drug
related
• Pharmaceutical
companies send
samples to the FBI for
each new drug
5 Categories of
Controlled Drugs
• Schedule I
– No accepted medical use
and high abuse potential
– Hashish, marijuana, GHB,
peyote
• Schedule II
– High abuse potential with
severe psychic or physical
dependence liability
– Narcotic, stimulant,
depressants
– Scripts typewritten or in
ink, no renewals
– PCP (can be used to
reduce blood pressure)
5 Categories of
Drugs
• Schedule III
– Less abuse potential, narcotic
and non-narcotic
– Scripts may be oral or written
– Up to 5 renewals per 6 months
– Anabolic steroids
• Schedule IV
– Less abuse potential
– Scripts may be oral or written,
up to 5 renewals per 6 months
– Rohypnol
• Schedule V
– Less abuse potential
– Scripts may not be required
– Antidiarrheals
Classification of
Illicit Drugs
• Hallucinogens
– Most widely used is
marijuana
• “hash oil” can have 50% of
the active ingredient
• Slows reactions, impairs
coordination, reduces the
ability to concentrate
– LSD (ergot alkaloids)
visual and auditory
hallucinations
• Blotter acid, microdots,
window panes
• Teratogen
• Causes psychosis and
flashbacks
– PCP
• Insensitivity to pain,
feelings of superstrength,
rage, memory loss, paranoia
• Often mixed with marijuana
or LSD (angel dust)
– MDMA
• Ecstasy
• Stimulates and causes
hallucinations
• Confusion, depression,
paranoia, anxiety
– Ketamine (special K)
• Animal tranquilizer
• Raves
• Delirium, amnesia
• Stimulants
– Increases energy and
suppresses appetite
– Restlessness and anxiety
then depression
– Caffeine to
methamphetamines and
cocaine
• Narcotics
– Analgesics
– Opium, morphine,
codeine, Tylenol, fentanyl
(China White), Methadone
• Depressants
– Ethyl alcohol
– Barbiturates (Nembutal),
Valium
– Highly addictive
Physicians Desk
Reference (PDR)
• Illustrated dictionary of
medicines and drugs
• Updated each year
Tests
• Gas, paper, and thinlayer chromatography
(TLC)
• UV and infrared
spectrophotometry
• Mass spectrometry
• Spot tests
• Qualitative analysis
Spot Tests
• May get false positives
• Gives a certain color if a
drug is present
• Must use another test to
confirm
Presumptive Test
• Duquenois-Levine test
– Turns purple when
marijuana is present
– Presumptive test (spot
test)
Confirmatory
Test
• Infrared spectroscopy
or mass spectrometry
Cocaine IR Spec
Aspirin IR Spec
Now, look on pg. 155 and answer
question on p. 156