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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DEREK KENYENSO MENTOR: DR. KAREN L. BELL COLUMBIA PRESBYTARIAN HOSPITAL CENTER WHAT IS AD? It is a progressive, degenerative brain disease with gradual onset. Causes a steady decline in the ability to: Remember and Learn Think and Reason Communicate and Respond Live independently There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. AD STATISTICS AD is the most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older. Approximately 4.5 million people now have AD. By 2050, 13.2 million older Americans are expected to have AD if no preventive treatments become available. IT’S NEVER TOO SOON DISEASE PROGRESSION Mild AD • Forgetfulness, word finding • Problems with shopping, driving, hobbies • Depression, apathy, withdrawal • Problem solving • Calculations Moderate AD • Poor recent memory, orientation, lack of insight • Requires help with complex activities of daily living • Wandering, getting lost • Difficulty dressing (sequence & selection) • Insomnia • Delusions, agitation Severe AD • Very limited language • Loss of basic skills •Dressing, bathing, incontinence •Eating, Walking, motor slowing • Agitation EARLY ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE In the earliest stages, before symptoms can be detected with tests, plaques and tangles begin to form in brain areas involved in: , Neurofibrillary tangles Senile plaque LEARNING THINKING AND MEMORY AND PLANNING MILD–TO-MODERATE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE More plaques & tangles occur leading to problems with: Speaking and understanding speech Confusing with things and people around you SEVERE ALZHEIMERS DISEASE In advanced Alzheimer’s disease, most of the cortex is seriously damaged and the brain shrinks dramatically due to widespread cell death. Individuals lose their ability to communicate, to recognize family and loved ones and to care for themselves. TEN WARNING SIGNS Memory loss 2. Difficulty doing familiar tasks 3. Problems with language 4. Disorientation to time and place 5. Poor or decreased judgment 6. Problems with abstract thinking 7. Misplacing things 8. Changes in mood or behavior 9. Changes in personality 10. Loss of initiative 1. SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS TREATMENT OF AD • Drugs used to treat mild-to-moderate AD symptoms include: • ARICEPT (donepezil) • EXELON (rivastigmine) • RAZADYNE, RAZADYNE-ER (galantamine) • An additional drug, NAMENDA (memantine), has been approved to treat symptoms of moderate-to-severe AD. • These drugs can help improve some patients’ abilities to carry out activities for a while, but they do not stop or reverse AD. RESEARCH: CLINICAL TRIALS Drug studies: Only way to find out if a treatment is effective and safe. a) b) examine approved drugs to see if they can be used for other diseases look at new experimental drugs RESEARCH: CLINICAL TRIALS Cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins Anti-inflammatory drugs Substances that prevent formation of bamyloid plaques REFERENCES http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/WhatIsAD.asp http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers http://www.alzinfo.org/ http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publicat ions/adfact.htm http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/WhatIsAD.asp http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/Warning.asp http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/Statistics.asp ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Karen L. Bell Evelyn Dominquez Ruth Tajedar Sarah Downs Alberto Connan Dr. Sats Harlem children Society THANK YOU VERY MUCH