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Lecture Notes
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Pain and Its
Management
Classroom Activity to Accompany
Diseases of the Human Body
Fifth Edition
Carol D. Tamparo
Marcia A. Lewis
Copyright © 2011 by F.A. Davis Company. All rights
reserved. This product is protected by copyright. No part
of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—
without written permission from the publisher.
Hold on, hold on to yourself,
for this is gonna hurt like hell.
—Sarah McLachlan
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Pain and Its Management
• Pain and its treatment models
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Single-service clinics
Pain clinics
Multidisciplinary pain clinics
Multidisciplinary pain centers
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Pain and Its Management
• Definition of pain
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Hurting or strong discomfort in some part of the
body caused by injury, disease, or disorder;
transmitted through the nervous system
• Types of pain
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Acute
Chronic
Nociceptive
Neuropathic
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Pain and Its Management
• Other types of pain
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Angina
Breakthrough
Malignant
Phantom limb
Psychogenic
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Pain and Its Management
• Variables of pain
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Early experience of pain
Cultural background
Anxiety and depression
Age
Sex
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Pain and Its Management
• Gate control theory of pain
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Pain is a balance of information traveling into the
spinal cord between the large and small nerve
fibers
No pain stimulation = no transmission to the brain
With pain stimulation to small nerve fibers, the
transmission to the brain is open and pain is felt
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Pain and Its Management
• Assessment of pain
• P — Place
• A — Amount
• I — Interactions
• N — Neutralizers
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Pain and Its Management
• Treatment of pain
• Medications
• Nonprescription drug therapy
• Prescription drug therapy
• PCA pump
• Intrathecal drug therapy
• Surgery
• Placebos
PCA = patient-controlled analgesia.
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Pain and Its Management
• Complementary therapies used in pain
management
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Biofeedback
Relaxation
Imagery
Hypnosis
TENS
Massage
TENS = transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
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Pain and Its Management
• Additional complementary therapies used
in pain management
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Humor, laughter, play
Music
Acupuncture
Aromatherapy
Therapeutic touch and Reiki
Yoga
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Pain and Its Management
• A pain management treatment from
China and approved by the FDA in 1997
is
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reiki
TENS
Acupuncture
Massage
FDA = Food and Drug Administration; TENS = transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
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Credits
Publisher: Margaret Biblis
Acquisitions Editor: Andy McPhee
Developmental Editors: Yvonne Gillam, Julie Munden
Backgrounds: Joseph John Clark, Jr.
Production Manager: Sam Rondinelli
Manager of Electronic Product Development: Kirk Pedrick
Electronic Publishing: Frank Musick
The publisher is not responsible for errors of omission or for consequences from application of information in this
presentation, and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to its content. Any practice described in this
presentation should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used with regard to the
unique circumstances that may apply in each situation.
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