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Familiarize with the forensic
toxicology necessary for the activities
of a general practice doctor.
1. The concept of poison and poisoning
2. Toxicology and direction
3. Factors affecting the development of poisoning
4. Toxicodynamics, toxicokinetics
5. Steps of the proof in case of poisoning.
6. Classification of toxic agents.
7. Food poisoning.
8. Alcohol poisoning
9. Overdose by narcotic drugs
- Court
- Industry
- Agriculture
- Home
- Food
- Military
A. dependent by poison
B. dependent by body
C. dependent by route of introduction
D. dependent by the environmental
conditions.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
quantity
concentration
aggregate state
solubility
vehiculum
cummulation
stability
1)
age
2)
weight
sex
disease
gastric contents
genetic features
idiosyncrasy
tolerance
tachyphylaxis
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
-primary action
- sequence activity
- remote effect
- Compound of arsenium- blocks - SH groups of enzymes
- cyanides - blocks cytochrome oxidase
- POS- blocking cholinesterase
- botulinum toxin - inhibits secretion
acetylcholine
- curare - inhibits the action of acetylcholine
receptors in muscles
CH3OH
CH2O (H2C-O)
methanol
formaldehyde
C2H5OH
ethanol
CH3 – CHO
acetaldehyde
CH2OH
COOH
CH2OH
COOH
ethyleneglycol
oxalic acid
fat-soluble toxins
(benzene, CCl4 dichloroethane)
-PKZHK, brain,
liver
water-soluble poisons
- Brain, liver,
kidney, muscle,
As, Pb, P
- Hair, bones
lungs
GIT
bile
- Volatile, gaseous poisons
- Alkaloids
heavy metals
- Alcohol, drugs,
essential oils
saliva, breast
- Alcohol, drugs,
heavy metals
sweat glands
kidneys
- Phenol, halides
- non-volatile, water-soluble
poison
1. CSI
I. Local - caustic
II. General - resorptive:
a) destructive
b) Blood
c) functional
1. Carboxyhemoglobin forming
2. methemoglobin forming
3. hemolytic
4. other
1. paralyzing CNS
2. CNS stimulants
3. CNS depressants
4. acting on the CNS and PNS
I.
II.
Bacterial:
Non-bacterial
а)
toxicoinfections
б)
intoxications
а)
Vegetable origin
б)
Animal origin
в)
impurities:
1) chemical
2) vegetable
1. Period of resorption
2. Period of elimination
1. poisoning
2. contributing factor in various
diseases.
3. reflex sudden death
CТ = С 0 – βT
A = P * τ ( CТ + βT)
A = P * τ ( CТ + βT)+ АS
АS = а * б
1000
1.
Narcotic drug
2.
acidotic
3.
Defeat CNS
1.
intoxication
2.
hidden
3.
cerebral phenomenon
4.
Defeat liver, kidney,
1.
2.
Sedative action
Psychostimulant action
1. natural
2. semisynthetic
3. synthetic
- morphine, hashish, cocaine,
thebaine, codeine, omnopon
(the amount of opium
alkaloids)
- Heroin, mescaline,
ephedrine
- Amphetamines, methadone,
LSD, promedol,
methaqualone
1. overdose
2.
death due to prolonged use
3. aggravating factor in the non-violent
death
4. murder
5. suicide
6. accident
1. specific changes
2. Non-specific changes:
a) associated with the regular introduction of foreign substances into the
body
b) infectious diseases related to drug use
c) related with drug addicts lifestyle