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Thalidomide Thalidomide – the sleeping pill • Thalidomide was first synthesized in West Germany in 1953 by Chemie Grünenthal. • It was hailed as a "wonder drug" that provided a "safe, sound sleep". • However the drug was also found to cure morning sickness in pregnant women Nausea vomiting in pregnancy NVP – 1st trimester ...(1/3) Foetal development - • The first few weeks are a key period – any problems now will accumulate in the future Nausea vomiting in pregnancy NVP – 1st trimester (1/3) • When do you think most women would be inclined to take this drug? Side effects • unfortunately molecules of the thalidomide chemical crossed the placenta and disrupt the growth patterns of the growing foetus Effect = catastrophic deformations of the baby– best seen as limb abnormalities. …if this was you – how would your life be different? The Human Cost • About 12 000 babies were born with birth defects before doctors found out that thalidomide affected developing fetuses. • The drug was then banned. • The original tests on rats hadn’t shown up any birth defects. • Later tests on rabbits and monkeys did. Why did this happen? •Simple - the drug was not trialled or tested for this use on pregnant women When new drugs are devised, they have to be extensively tested and trialled. Thalidomide today • Initially the drug was banned internationally for the treatment of morning sickness • But it has now been reintroduced as a treatment for leprosy Leprosy – bacterial infection of the skin and nerves endings • Affects the hands, feet and features of the face. Leprosy Current thalidomide research • In 1965, an Israeli doctor used thalidomide as a sedative to help a leprosy patient with a painful and inflamed infection. • It was succesful. • Doctors are now researching thalidomide as a treatment for cancer because : It can treat inflammation, It slows down the growth of blood vessels. Make key notes on what we have discussed on this drug • • • • Initial use What it was discovered to help Side effects of untested use What is it now used for