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LIS4930 – Health Informatics
Fall 2007
November 26, 2007
David Kuder | Andrew Parks | Shawn Reiss | Emily Rosenthal | Alex Rosete | Kris Suchdeve | Jachima Taino
 Introduction
to Auto-identification
technologies
 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
 Biometrics
 Smart cards/Health cards
 Advantages & Disadvantages of Autoidentification
 Costs
“Information technology holds enormous
potential for transforming the health care
delivery system, which today remains
relatively untouched by the revolution
that has swept nearly every other aspect
of society.”
The Institute of Medicine
A
broad term that covers a number of
technologies that are specifically designed to
improve identity verification
 Applied primarily to human identification, but
also can be applied to goods for equipment
tracking or inventory control
 Also used to track procedures
• administration of blood products or medications
Auto-identification technology adoption is
anticipated to increase dramatically over the
next few years.
 RFID
technology allows for the
communication of health care information
between a tag and a reader across an RF
signal.
• Tags can be placed on people or objects
• Contain a unique identification number for
security and privacy
 Passive
- have no power source and rely on the
reader for communication
 Semi-passive - communicate the same as
passive tags, however they contain a battery
which powers the tag’s sensors that monitor
factors such as temperature.
 Active - emit their own signal to communicate
with the reader, have their own power source
and have the largest range of operation.
 When
implemented within a healthcare
setting, RFID can:
Improve patient safety
Increase the hospitals’ overall operation and
efficiency
Assist in patient identification
Help track or locate equipment
Monitor patient’s condition, especially in critical care
settings
Ensure that patient’s receive the correct drug and
dosage
Prevent duplication of procedures
 Blood
product administration
 Drug
administration
 RFID
embedded patient wristbands
 The VeriChip
system
Implanted RFID chips
 Newborn
tagging
 Security
Data stored and transmitted on RFID’s can be
protected through encryption and transmission
protocols, but a clear security standard is not
established.
Individuals can listen in on the communication
between a tag and a reader, reference the ID to a
database and gain sensitive patient information.
 Existing
forms of auto-identification are
proven and established while difficulties
and error rates in the operation of RFID’s
remain.
 Biometrics
is defined as “the study of
methods for uniquely recognizing humans
based upon one or more intrinsic physical
or behavioral traits.”
 Biometrics is making its way into the
healthcare industry as a means of
identifying patients and/or healthcare
workers.
 The technology is becoming more
accessible as costs decrease.
 Protects
patient information & identity
• Can eliminate the use of SS# as an identifier
 Increases
efficiency
• Patient hospital admissions process
 Reduces
duplication of paperwork used
to identify patients
Physiological
Behavioral
face
keystroke
fingerprint
signature
hand
voice
iris
DNA
 Health
Cards are a type of storage
device, usually plastic, that store a
patient’s administrative and medical
details.
 Smart Cards are MUCH similar
• Compared to a credit card
• Embedded microchips store information
 Can
be used either in an ATM-like
machine or scanned from a distance
(passing through a toll booth)
 Can
be used for security access
 Data on cards can be encrypted for
security purposes
 Used as a quicker way of “waiting in line”
 Reduce administrative costs
 Decrease healthcare fraud
Belgium is about to launch a smart ID
card to provide information about
healthcare functions and social
security information.
Other Countries adopting Smart Cards:
• Romania
• France
• Italy
• United Kingdom
 Identity Theft
 Paper-based
 Unorganized
record keeping unreliable
 Based
upon the Institute of Medicine’s
(IOM) six aims of healthcare, autoidentification has the potential to improve
the following areas:
• Safety
• Effectiveness
• Timeliness
• Efficiency
 Potential
problems are minimal
• Privacy Issues
• Implementation costs
 Most
issues can be addressed and
prevented with careful planning
 Estimating
the costs of medical errors
• 44K-98K medical error related deaths annually
• 7000 caused by medication errors
• Extra costs in money, time, labor, supplies, and
malpractice lawsuits
• May cost hospital as much as $5.6 million annually
Annual ADE cost = Doses/year X 1.3% X ADE Cost
-Doses/year = number of medication doses administered annually
-1.3% = 7% of 19%
-ADE cost = figure between $2260 & $5000 decided as the average cost of each ADE
 Implementation
of BPOC system
estimated between $337,000 and $2
million
• Servers, scanners, software licensing, consulting,
etc.
• May differ by medium (RFID vs. BPOC)
 Partial
infrastructure may already exist
 Phased implementation
 Ability to run multiple technologies
 FDA estimates 28.4 ADE daily in average
hospital
 19% medication doses administered
mistakenly – 7% could have adverse
affects
 ADE costs $2260-$5000 each
Auto-identification
technologies have the potential to
meet the six aims of the IOM as outlined in the report
Crossing the Quality Chasm.
For
each of the technologies discussed the
advantages of implementation in a healthcare setting
far outweigh any possible disadvantages.
The
adoption and implementation of autoidentification technologies will increase rapidly as
healthcare providers and other stakeholders recognize
its potential to change the face of health care.