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Chapter 16 Medicine and Illegal Drugs Lesson 1 • What are drugs? Drugs • Is any chemical substances that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological state. How drugs enter your body • 1-ointments or eardrops applied directly to certain areas • 2transdermal(patch es allow absorption into bloodstream) • 3-Smoked or inhaled • 4-Injected • 5-swallowed Lesson 2 • Using Drugs as Medicine Medicine • Any drug that is used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort Prescription Medicine • Written order from a doctor for a certain medicine or treatment Over-the-counter • Any medicine that can be bought without a prescription Drug Interaction • Any effect of a drug that is different from what should be expected if the drug is taken at the same time as another drug Side effect • Any effect that is caused by a drug and that is different from the drug’s intended effect – Loss of hair – Dizziness, – Exhaustion – Nausea – others Tolerance • Is the body’s ability to resist the effects of a drug Food and Drug Administration(FDA) • Government agency that controls the safety of food and drugs in the United States Drug Approval Process Scientists develop a new drug • Scientist test drug on animals If drug testing on animals seem to be safe • Drugs are tested on humans who have If the test on humans proves to be useful then it is approved • FDA reviews the research and approves or rejects the drug Lesson 3 • Drug Abuse and Addiction Drug Addiction • Uncontrollable use of a drug Dependence • A person needing a drug in order to function properly Physical Dependence • Body’s need for a drug Withdrawals • Symptoms – Depression – Nervousness – Sleeplessness – irritability Problems with addiction • • • • • • Hurts oneself Hurts others Mood swings Lying to loved ones Focusing in school Cost of addiction Lesson 4 • Stimulants and Depressants Stimulants • • • • Drug that increases the body’s activity Increases heart rate Increases breathing Increases blood pressure Examples of stimulants • Mild stimulants – Tea – Coffee – Soft drinks – Chocolate • Hard stimulants – Crack – Cocaine – methamphetamine Cocaine and Crack • Most widely abused illegal stimulants. Comes from a coca plant grown in South America. • Cocaine is usually inhaled • Crack (rock)is smoked Physical symptoms of Crack and Cocaine • • • • • • Increase of heart rate Increase of blood pressure Heart attack Strokes Brain damage death Euphoria • A physical or mental sense of well-being Methamphetamine • Very powerful synthetic stimulant – Smoked – Injected • Decrease appetite • Increase body temperature – – – – Damage to kidneys Damage to liver Damage to brain Death Depressants • Decreases body activity – Decrease blood pressure – Drop in heart rate – Drop in breathing Sedatives • Have a mild relaxation to deep sleep Tranquilizers • Are mild depressants that are used in small doses to treat anxiety Barbiturates • Strong depressants that are used to treat sleep disorders and seizures Hypnotics • Extremely powerful depressants that can cause sleep, loss of muscle control, and loss of memory Rohypnol • Powerful hypnotic depressant • Used for surgery and to treat sleep disorders • Not used in America but is brought in from other countries Lesson 5 • Marijuana Marijuana • Is a dried flower and leaf from the Cannabis plant • Many different names – Pot – Dope – Mary Jane – Green – Bud – reefer Effects of Marijuana • Some feel a stimulant affect • Some feel a depressant affect – Mild euphoria – Distortion of time and distance – Reduced energy and coordination – Sensitivity to sights and sounds – Increased appetite – Decreased memory – Slower reaction time THC • tetrahydrocannabinol Serious effects of marijuana • • • • • Thinking and concentration decreased Difficulty reaching any goals Decreases energy Circulatory problems emphysema Lesson 6 • Opiates Opiates • Milk from a opium poppy Opiates • Extremely addictive sometime after just one use • Often there is a strong tolerance so there is a danger of overdose Opiate withdrawals • • • • • • Cramps Vomiting Muscle pain Shaking Chills Panic attacks Medical uses for Opiates • Painkillers • Suppress coughs • Intestinal problems Heroin • Most powerful addictive opiate that exists • It is made from morphine • Can be smoked, inhaled or injected. Lesson 7 • Hallucinogens and Inhalants Hallucinogens • Any drug that causes a person to hear or see things that are not present. Flashback • Is an event in which a hallucinogen’s effects happen again long after the drug was originally taken – They occur days, weeks or even years. – They last for seconds to hours Inhalant • Any drug that is absorbed through the lungs • • • • • Household cleaners Spray paint Glues Freon Nitrous oxide (laughing gas Inhalants produce • • • • • • Hallucinations Lack of coordination Distortion of time and distance Difficulty speaking or thinking Brain damage Sudden death Designer Drugs • Is a drug that is produced by making a small chemical change to a drug that already exists – Ecstasy – GHB – Ketamine Ecstasy(MDMA) • Mind-altering drug that was created from the powerful stimulant methamphetamine – XTC –E –X – Adam Ecstasy • Causes – – – – – – Dry mouth Nausea Confusion Blurred vision Muscle tension Dehydration – Seizures – Violent shaking in the muscles – Heart failure – Sleep disorders – Memory loss – Brain damage GHB Is a drug that is made from anesthetics. Common ingredient is in pesticides GHB effects • • • • • • • Dizziness Vomiting Loss of memory Trouble breathing Inability to move Loss of consciousness Death Ketamine • Is a powerful drug that is closely related to the hallucinogen PCP (angel dust). This drug is most often used during surgery on people or animals. • Gives you a sense of dissociation (separation from reality) • Causes permanent memory loss and coma Lesson 9 • Staying drug free Reasons to stay drug free • 1- Staying healthy • 2-Staying in control • 3-Making good decisions • 4-Staying out of jail • 5-saving your money Refusing Drugs • • • • Avoid situation with people who have drugs Just say “No thanks” Give reasons for not taking the drugs Just leave Lesson 10 • Getting help Knowing when to get help • First you need to realize that there is a problem Intervention • A gathering in which the people who are close to a person who is abusing drugs try to get the person to accept help by relation stories of how his or her drug problem has affected them Counseling • A professional who is trained to offer advice and solutions for emotional problems by addressing the emotional problem behind the drug problem Treatment Centers • A facility with trained doctors and counselors where people who abuse drugs can get help for their problems Detoxification • Is the process by which the body rids itself of harmful chemicals Support Groups • A group of people who have undergone the same or very similar problems. Many Paths to Wellness Drug Problem Intervention Treatment Centers Support Group Counseling Wellness Chapter 16 Medicine and Illegal Drugs