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Medical Terminology for Health Professions Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder 7th Edition Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology Chapter 15 © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Overview of Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Basic Diagnostic Procedures • • • • Vital signs Auscultation Palpation and percussion Basic examination instruments © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Vital Signs • Temperature: average normal is 98.6°F (Fahrenheit) or 37.0°C (Celsius) • Pulse: rhythmic pressure against walls of an artery caused by beating of heart • Respiration: number of complete breaths per minute • Blood pressure: force of blood against walls of arteries © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Pulse Points of the Body © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Ausclatation • Auscultation – Listening for sounds within the body – Performed through a stethoscope © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Palpation and Percussion • Palpation – examiner’s hands feel texture, size, consistency, and location of body parts • Percussion – determines density of a body part by sound produced by tapping surface with fingers © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Basic Examination Instruments • Ophthalmoscope: to examine interior of eye • Otoscope: to examine external ear canal and tympanic membrane • Speculum: to enlarge opening of a canal or cavity for inspection of its interior • Stethoscope: to listen to sounds within the body © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Examination Positions • • • • Recumbent positions Sims’ position Knee-chest position Lithotomy position © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Recumbent Positions • Horizontal recumbent position – also known as supine position – patient is lying on the back, face up – used for examination and treatment of anterior surface of the body and for x-rays • Dorsal recumbent position – patient lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent – used for examination and treatment of the abdominal area and for vaginal or rectal exams (continues) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Recumbent Positions • Lithotomy position – patient lying on back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups – used for vaginal and rectal examinations and during childbirth (continues) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Recumbent Positions • Prone position – patient lying on abdomen face down • Sims’ position – patient lying on left side with right knee and thigh drawn up with left arm placed along back • Knee-chest position – patient lying face down with hips bent so knees and chest rest on table © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Laboratory Tests • Blood tests • Urinalysis © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Endoscopy • Visual examination • Endoscopic surgery © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Centesis • Centesis: a surgical puncture to remove excess fluid or to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes • Used alone as a noun, or as a suffix in conjunction with the combining form, describing the body part being treated (continues) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Centesis • Examples of centesis – – – – abdominocentesis arthrocentesis cardiocentesis pericardiocentesis © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Imaging Techniques • • • • • Radiography (x-ray) Computerized tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Fluoroscopy Diagnostic ultrasound © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Nuclear Medicine • Utilizes radioactive substances for both diagnosis and treatment purposes. © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Radiographic Projections and Positioning • Projections • Positioning • Basic radiographic projections © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Terms Related to Pharmacology • • • • • Addiction Adverse drug reaction (side effect) Compliance Contraindication Drug interaction (continues) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Terms Related to Pharmacology • • • • • Palliative Paradoxical drug reaction Placebo Idiosyncratic reaction Potentiation (synergism) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions • albumin/o – albumin, protein • calc/i – calcium, lime, the heel • -centesis – surgical puncture to remove fluid • creatin/o – creatinine (continues) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions • glycos/o – glucose, sugar • -graphy – the process of producing a picture or record • hemat/o – blood, relating to the blood • lapar/o – abdomen, abdominal wall (continues) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions • -otomy – cutting, surgical incision • phleb/o – vein • radi/o – radiation, x-rays • -scope – instrument for visual examination (continues) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions • -scopy – visual examination • son/o – sound • -uria – urination, urine © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Questions © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question In Sim’s position, which is used for examining the rectal area, the patient is lying: a. face down b. on the left side with the right knee drawn up c. on the back with the knees up © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer b. on the left side with the right knee drawn up © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question A lipid panel measures the ability of the liver to secrete bilirubin into the bile. True or False? © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer False. A lipid panel measures the amount of cholesterol in a blood sample. A serum bilirubin test measures the ability of the liver to secrete bilirubin into the bile. © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question Which of these operations cannot be performed using laparoscopic surgery? a. appendectomy b. cholecystectomy c. cesarean section © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer c. cesarean section © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question Elephants have an average pulse of 27, and for canaries the average is 1,000. What is the average pulse for human beings? a. 90 b. 120 c. 65 © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer c. 65 © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answers to Learning Exercises © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 15.1. lapar/o 15.2. albumin/o 15.3. calc/i 15.4. creatin/o 15.5. glycos/o Matching Word Parts 2 15.6. -centesis 15.7. hemat/o 15.8. -otomy 15.9. -graphy 15.10. son/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 15.11. -scopy 15.12. radi/o 15.13. -uria 15.14. phleb/o 15.15. -scope Definitions 15.16. hypnosis 15.17. speculum 15.18. computed tomography 15.19. tolerance 15.20. ultrasonography 15.21. calciuria 15.22. C-reactive protein 15.23. dorsal recumbent 15.24. bruit 15.25. pyuria © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Matching Techniques 15.26. CT 15.27. x-rays 15.28. centesis 15.29. fluoroscopy 15.30. MRI Which Word? 15.31. idiosyncratic 15.32. positron emission 15.33. radiopaque 15.34. intraoral 15.35. brand-name © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Spelling Counts 15.36. auscultation 15.37. sphygmomanometer 15.38. fluoroscopy 15.39. contraindication 15.40. ophthalmoscope Abbreviation Identification 15.41. erythrocyte sedimentation rate 15.42. nothing by mouth 15.43. as needed 15.44. temperature, pulse, respiration 15.45. white blood count © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Term Selection 15.46. pericardiocentesis 15.47. hematuria 15.48. naturopathy 15.49. anti-inflammatory 15.50. parenteral Sentence Completion 15.51. projection 15.52. stridor 15.53. phlebotomist 15.54. otoscope 15.55. acupressure © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Word Surgery 15.56. abdomin/o, -centesis 15.57. cine-, radi/o, -graphy 15.58. ech/o, cardi/o, -graphy 15.59. bacteri, -uria 15.60. pharmac, -ology True/False 15.61. True 15.62. True 15.63. False 15.64. False 15.65. True © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Clinical Conditions 15.66. ketonuria 15.67. white blood 15.68. hypothermia 15.69. palpation 15.70. crossmatch 15.71. barium 15.72. transesophageal 15.73. allopathic medicine 15.74. glycosuria 15.75. percussion Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 15.76. adverse 15.77. creatinuria 15.78. acupressure 15.79. MRI 15.80. lithotomy © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Chapter 15 Answers Challenge Word Building 15.81. hypoproteinemia 15.82. hyperalbuminemia 15.83. hyperglycosuria 15.84. cystoscope 15.85. pleurocentesis 15.86. cystogram 15.87. hypocalcemia 15.88. hypercalciuria 15.89. pyemia 15.90. hyperproteinuria Labeling Exercises 15.91. prone 15.92. horizontal 15.93. knee-chest 15.94. dorsal 15.95. lithotomy 15.96. Sims’ 15.97. intramuscular 15.98. subcutaneous 15.90. intravenous 15.100. intradermal © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved