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Chapter 14
Intravenous Iodinated Contrast
Why use IV Contrast
• ____________ System
• ___________ System
• _______
Terms to know
• ____________
– To separate into ions; to dissociate atoms or
molecules into electrically charged atoms
• ____________
– The capability of being dissolved
More Terms
• ____________
– Movement of a solvent across a
semipermiable membrane from a lower region
to a higher region
• ___________
– The number of dissolved ions in a solution.
The concentration of a solution.
• ___________ Pressure
– The force that a dissolved substance exerts
on a semipermeable membrane.
More Terms
• ____________
No change in cell volume.
–
• ______________
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Increase in osmotic pressure.
• ______________
– Decrease in osmotic pressure
• ______________
– The ability of a fluid to flow easily
Iodinated Contrast
• ______________
• 2 types
– Ionic and Non-ionic
Ionic Contrast
Basic Structure
• 6 sided ring:
– 3 ________ atoms
• __________ element
– __________
• Negative charged
– Stabilize and detoxify
– ___________
• Positive charge
– Salt, increase solubility
Ionic Contrast
• Breaks apart into _____________
– Anion
– Cation
• __________– Ratio
– _________particles
– _________particles
Ionic Continued
• Increase ______________
• Increase ____________Pressure
• Hypertonic
• ___________ chance of a reaction
Non-Ionic
• Same basic structure
• Replaces ____________with
____________elements.
Non-Ionic Contrast
• _____________break apart.
• Decreased ____________
– __________ chance of a reaction
• __________ – Ratio
Prior to injecting
• GET AN _________________________!!!
• Thorough history needs to be obtained
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Any allergies
____________ sensitivity
Sickle Cell
Kidney problems (Stones don’t count)
______________, hay fever
Prior reaction with X-ray contrast
Diabetic
On ___________
Prior to Injecting Con’t
• BUN and Creatinine levels:
– Creatinine - ______________
– BUN – _______________
If there are contraindications
• Notify ____________
• May still be possible with prep.
Drawing up the contrast
• Review your ‘6’ rights
– ________
– Drug
– __________
– Route
– ___________
– Documentation
Common feelings
• During injection
– ____________feeling (due to osmotic events)
– ____________ taste
– Nausea
• Watch for _____________
Reactions
• Generally happen within first __________.
• Stay with the patient at a minimum
______________
• ________ with the patient and watch for
any signs.
Reaction Categories
• Mild - ___________ Effect
• Moderate - ___________ Reaction
• Severe - ___________Reaction
• Organ Specific
Vasomotor Effect
Mild
• Technologist _________
– Anxiety
– Nausea / Vomiting
– Mild, scattered Hives (uticaria)
– Lightheaded
– _____________
– Extravasation
• Symptoms pass ___________
Anaphylactic
Mild or Moderate
• Technologist ____________
– Excessive urticaria (hives)
– ___________
– Laryngospasm
– Bronchospasm
– _____________
– Hypotension
– Excessive ___________
Vasovagal
Severe
• Technologist ______________!!!!!!!!
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Hypotension
______________
Cardiac or respiratory arrest
Loss of consciousness
_________________
Laryngeal edema
________________
Difficulty Breathing
Shock
Organ-Specific
Severe
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Cardiac – ___________
Respiratory - Pulmonary Edema
Vascular - Thrombosis
Nervous - _____________
Renal - Complete or Temporary failure
• ____________show immediate symptoms
Prepare for a reaction
• Make sure informed consent is signed
• Approx _________________die
– Current practice uses __________ only
decreasing the chance
• Know reaction protocol in department
Preperation
• Know where the _________is and have it
accessible.
• _____________leave the patient alone
• If need be _________________
Post injection
• Monitor pt for ______________
• Continue with exam
• Normal kidney will excrete __________ of
contrast within __________
What else to watch for
• Kidneys will show once _________ is
filtered through
• A ______________contrast progression